HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY

anton van leeuwenhoek

using his handled microscope was the first person to observe and describe living cells

Robert Hooke

an english scientist observed a slice of cork under microscope

Robert Hooke

he did discovered many small comparment like honey comb structures which then he described as “cells” hence, the “cell theory”

framework, magnification system, illumination system, focusing system

PARTS OF MICROSCOPE

arm, stage, base

framework

light source, condenser, iris diaphragm, aperture

illuminating system

ocular/eyepiece

magnification system

scanner (4x), Low power objectives (10x), High Power objectives (40x), Oil Immersion Objectives (100x)

parts of eyepiece/ocular

interocular adjustment, body tube, coarse adjustment, fine adjustment

focusing system

carry microscope with two hands to support base with one hand, always hold the microscope in vertical position, clean optical surfaces with lens tissue, do not use 40 and 100 objectives with oil, clean the oil immersion lens after use, always remove slides with the LPO raised, store the microscope with the scanner in position and the stage centered, clean and calibration atleast once a year

care of microscope

Eyepiece (Ocular lens)

Where you look in; magnifies the image further

Interpupillary adjustment

Slides the eyepieces closer/farther apart to match your eye spacing.

Diopter adjustment

Corrects for differences in vision between your two eyes.

Eyepiece tube

Holds the eyepieces and directs light up to them.

Head

The upper housing that holds the eyepiece tube and connects to the arm.

Nosepiece

• The rotating turret that holds the objective lenses; turn it to switch magnification.

Objective lens

• The lenses closest to the specimen; provide the primary magnification (e.g., 4x, 10x, 40x, 100x).

Arm

• Supports the head and connects it to the base; also used to carry the microscope.

Coarse focus

• Moves the stage up/down quickly for initial, rough focusing.

Fine focus

• Makes small adjustments for sharp, precise

Specimen stage

• The flat platform where the slide sits.

Stage clips (stage holder)

• Hold the slide firmly in place on the

Stage control

• Knobs that move the slide left/right and forward/back without touching it directly.

Condenser

• Lens beneath the stage that focuses/concentrates light onto the specimen.

Iris diaphragm

• Adjusts the amount of light passing through the condenser to the specimen.

Aperture

• The opening in the stage that lets light pass up from the illuminator to the specimen.

Illuminator

• The built-in light source at the base that shines light up through the specimen.

Brightness adjustment

• Controls how bright/dim the illuminator light is.

Light switch

- Turns the illuminator on/off.

Base

The bottom support that holds the whole microscope steady and often houses the light source.