vet med term ch. 3 & 4

osteoblast

bone cell that forms bone tissue; immature bone cell

epiphyseal plate

cartilaginous region of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place; physics; growth plate

yellow bone

in diaphysis of bone and consists of fatty tissue

acetabulum

cup-like depression in pelvis that creates hip joint

condyle

knuckle-like projections at distal end of some long bones; usually covered by articular cartilage

olecranon

bony process at proximal end of ulna

occipital bone

caudal aspect of the skull

mandibular bone

horseshoe-shaped bones forming lower jaw

scapula

flat, triangular bone at the top of the shoulder; shoulder blade

ulna

one of two bones in lower front limb between elbow and wrist; bottom side

radius

one of two bones in lower front limb between elbow and wrist; upper side

femur

thigh bone; between hip and stifle

tibia

larger medial bone of lower hind limb

fibula

smaller lateral bone of lower hind limb

osteoporosis

decreased bone density due to loss of bone tissue; bones become porous and fragile and break easy

cardiac muscle

striated, involuntary muscle in heart

skeletal muscle

striated, voluntary muscles attached to bones all over body; responsible for movement

visceral muscle

smooth, involuntary muscles responsible for the functioning of internal organs

ball and socket joint

joint in which the rounded head of one bone fits into socket of another; hip and shoulder

gliding joint

flat joint surfaces allowing for gliding motions; ex. carpus

hinge joint

allows for movement in one plane (one directions) like a door hinge; ex. elbow and stifle

pivot joint

pulley-shaped and pivot-like joints; atlanto-axial joint

saddle joint

only in humans and non-human primates; surfaces of both bones are concave in one plane and convex or saddle-shaped in the other; good range of motion; ex. thumb

coxofemoral joint

joint between pelvis and the femur; hip

carpus

joint consisting of the carpal bones; wrist; knee in horses

gingival sulcus

area between tooth and gums

peridontal ligament

connective tissue that connects tooth to alveolar bone

halitosis

bad breath

deciduous teeth

temporary teeth

malocclusion

abnormal position of teeth that results in faulty meeting of teeth or jaws

papillae

small, raised bumps on tongue containing taste buds

rugae

ridges on hard palate and lining the stomach to increase surface area for absorption and secretion

cardiac sphincter

valve between esophagus and stomach

pyloric sphincter

valve between stomach and duodenum

abomasum

true stomach in ruminants; 4th compartment; digestive enzymes and hydrocholoric acid to break down food

cecum

small, blind sac where small and large intestines meet; site of fermentation in horses and rabbits

duodenum

first part of small intestine where absorption takes place

jejunum

second part of small intestine

gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV)

abnormal condition in which stomach fills with air, expands, then twists on itself; common in large breed dogs; bloat

incisor

teeth used for shearing and grooming; to cut or incise

premolar

teeth with tearing and grinding function; bicuspids in humans

pulp cavity

sensitive cavity in tooth containing blood supply and nerves

crown

portion of tooth above gum line; supragingival portion

alveolus

tooth socket; alveolar bone

extraction

the act of pulling teeth

gingival hyperplasia

excessive development of gums due to increased cell numbers

plaque

collection of bacteria, salivary products, and white blood cells that adheres to surface of the tooth

hard palate

rostral portion of the roof of the mouth containing rugae

soft palate

smooth, caudal portion of roof of mouth

bilirubin

metabolite of hemoglobin breakdown; pigment released by liver in bile