INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

Intermolecular forces

forces that hold different molecues together (LDF, hydrogen bond,..)

Intramolecular forces

forces that hold atoms within a molecule (covalent, ionic,…)

Polar molecules

structure with a net dipole moment, meaning it has a slight positive charge on one end and a slight negative charge on the other

Non-polar molecules

substances with an even distribution of electrical charge, often resulting from symmetric geometry or atoms with similar electronegativities

London Dipersion Forces (LDF)

instantly formed dipoles in non-polar atoms (weakest)

Dipole-Diple Forces

occur between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule (Medium)

Ion-Dipole Force

attraction between a fully charge ion and a polar molecule (ver strong)

Hydrogen Bonding

occur when hydrogen bonded to highly electronegative atoms like nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine (strongest)

Volatility

measure of how easily a liquid convert into a gas (weaker IMFs = evaporting quicker)

Surface tension

how well a liquid holds itself together (stronger IMFs = hole itself better)

Solubility

salt disollving in water due to ion-dipole attractions between water and salt ions.