PAL 101: Domains and Literary Criticism

Practice flashcards covering the domains of literature by Rolando Tolentino, critical questions by Nicanor Tiongson, and various literary theories from PAL 101.

Rolando B. Tolentino

The Dean of the University of the Philippines College of Mass Communication and a faculty member of the University of the Philippines Film Institute.

Impetere

A Latin word meaning "to charge" or "to attack," which is the root of the word "impetus."

Three Main Domains of Literature

According to Rolando B. Tolentino, these are History (Kasaysayan), Geography (Heograpiya), and Modernity (Modernidad).

Uri (Class)

A cultural category where privilege is based on the ownership of the forces of production, such as land, capital, and labor power.

Lahi (Race)

A factor that looks at the origin of a person and how race dictates the views or perceptions of society.

Etnisidad (Ethnicity)

Refers to the different ethnic groups from which a person originates.

Sexuality and Gender

A domain aimed at scrutinizing and explaining the gap between genders.

Henerasyon (Generation)

The clash of the current generation against the practiced operations, views, or norms set by previous generations.

Relihiyon (Religion)

A fundamental subject in literature that opens awareness to different faiths and promotes tolerance or acceptance of co-existence.

Subkultura (Subculture)

The study of daily activities as manifestations of history or the fulfillment of a social vision.

Krino

A Greek word meaning "to judge," which is the origin of the word criticism.

Professor Nicanor Tiongson

A professor from the University of the Philippines who formulated five key questions that any aspiring critic must be able to answer.

Historical Theory

An approach that provides interpretation of a work of art by understanding the time and culture in which the work was written.

Biographical Theory

A method focused on the life of the author, requiring the reader to research the author's biography and personal experiences.

Formalism

A critical approach that focuses on "how" a work was written by examining elements like plot, characterization, dialogue, and style, while ignoring the author's biography and history.

Marxism

A theory originating from Karl Marx that views society as divided into classes with relationships to production and emphasizes the struggle between these classes.

Feminism

A movement and theory that seeks to break the conventional view of women in literature as weak, fragile, or submissive.

Queer Theory

A theory originating in the 1980s as gay and lesbian studies, stating that personal identity is constantly changing and seeking to voice LGBTQ perspectives.

Post-colonialism

The study of cultural, economic, and political aspects following the forceful occupation of a weak country by a powerful nation.

Traditional Romanticism

A type of Romanticism that exalts human values.

Revolutionary Romanticism

A type of Romanticism that highlights the individualistic character of a person.

Existentialism

A theory that values existence and the process of "being," exemplified by Alejandro G. Abadilla's poem "Ako Ang Daigdig."

Humanism

A theory from the Renaissance which believes that "man is the measure of all things" and emphasizes freedom of expression and decision-making.