Unit E. Space Exploration

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40 Terms

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Solstice

Longest or shortest day of the year

<p>Longest or shortest day of the year</p>
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Equinox

Each of the two times of the year when days and nights are of equal length

<p>Each of the two times of the year when days and nights are of equal length</p>
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Geocentric Model

Earth is the center of the Universe

<p>Earth is the center of the Universe</p>
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Heliocentric Model

Sun is the center of the universe

<p>Sun is the center of the universe</p>
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Astronomical Unit (AU)

the average distance between Earth and the sun, about 150 million km

<p>the average distance between Earth and the sun, about 150 million km</p>
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light year

the distance light travels in one year

<p>the distance light travels in one year</p>
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sun-like stars

one of the two main types of stars that can form. (smaller in mass than the massive stars)

<p>one of the two main types of stars that can form. (smaller in mass than the massive stars)</p>
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constellations

official patterns of stars in the sky

<p>official patterns of stars in the sky</p>
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Asterism

An unofficial small grouping of stars

<p>An unofficial small grouping of stars</p>
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galaxy

A collection of stars, dust, and gas bound together by gravity

<p>A collection of stars, dust, and gas bound together by gravity</p>
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Massive Star

brightest stars, white or blue, large mass, short lifespan

<p>brightest stars, white or blue, large mass, short lifespan</p>
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Asteroids

a small rocky body orbiting the sun

<p>a small rocky body orbiting the sun</p>
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comet

A ball of frozen dust and rock that orbits the sun and has a tail that glows

<p>A ball of frozen dust and rock that orbits the sun and has a tail that glows</p>
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Meteoroid

A chunk of rock or dust in space

<p>A chunk of rock or dust in space</p>
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meteor

a rock burning in the atmosphere

<p>a rock burning in the atmosphere</p>
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meteorite

A meteoroid that passes through the atmosphere and hits Earth's surface.

<p>A meteoroid that passes through the atmosphere and hits Earth's surface.</p>
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Azimuth

A horizontal angle measured clockwise from north or south.

<p>A horizontal angle measured clockwise from north or south.</p>
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altitude

height above eye level or the horizon

<p>height above eye level or the horizon</p>
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microgravity

the condition of experiencing weightlessness in orbit

<p>the condition of experiencing weightlessness in orbit</p>
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natural satellite

objects that orbit the earth that are not man made - the moon is an example

<p>objects that orbit the earth that are not man made - the moon is an example</p>
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refracting telescope

a telescope that uses a converging lens to collect light.

<p>a telescope that uses a converging lens to collect light.</p>
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reflecting telescope

a telescope in which a mirror is used to collect and focus light.

<p>a telescope in which a mirror is used to collect and focus light.</p>
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interferometry

process that links separate telescopes so they act as one telescope, producing more detailed images as the distance between them increases.

<p>process that links separate telescopes so they act as one telescope, producing more detailed images as the distance between them increases.</p>
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. Hubble Space Telescope

this telescope has improved our knowledge of the Universe

<p>this telescope has improved our knowledge of the Universe</p>
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electromagnetic spectrum

the complete range of electromagnetic waves placed in order of increasing frequency

<p>the complete range of electromagnetic waves placed in order of increasing frequency</p>
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radio telescope

A device used to detect waves from objects in space

<p>A device used to detect waves from objects in space</p>
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space probes

A vehicle that carries scientific instruments to planets or other bodies in space

<p>A vehicle that carries scientific instruments to planets or other bodies in space</p>
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Doppler Effect

An observed change in the frequency of a wave when the source or observer is moving

<p>An observed change in the frequency of a wave when the source or observer is moving</p>
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interstellar matter

Debris from artificial objects orbiting earth

<p>Debris from artificial objects orbiting earth</p>
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Radio waves

Electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies

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Gamma Rays

Electromagnetic waves with the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies

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artifical satellite

any human-made object placed in orbit around a body in space

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Payload

The cargo carried by a rocket.

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propulsion system

a set of parts that produces a force to make a rocket move

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guidance system

gets the rocket to its destination; the brain of the rocket

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Nebula

A large cloud of dust and gas in space

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Protostar

the earliest stage of a star's life

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Black Dwarf

A white dwarf that has burnt out completely.

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vortex

whirpool, circular movement

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neutron star

the small, dense remains of a high-mass star after a supernova