CSP AP Testing Terms (Expanded)

Citizen Science

The collection and analysis of data by the general public in collaboration with scientists

Creative Commons

A non-profit organization that provides free licenses for creators to share their work

CC licenses

Licenses that allow creators to choose how their work can be used by others

CC BY

A Creative Commons Attribution license that allows sharing, use, and modification of images with attribution

Data mining

The process of finding patterns and correlations in large datasets to predict outcomes

Appending

The act of adding something to a piece of writing

Rogue access point

An unauthorized wireless access point on a secure network

Round-off Error

The difference between exact arithmetic and finite-precision arithmetic

Documentation

Official information or a record-keeping process

Polynomial function

A function involving non-negative integer powers of x

Solving a polynomial function

The process of writing it in standard form, factoring, and finding solutions

Double equal sign

A comparison operator used in programming languages

Internet of Things (IoT)

Physical objects connected to the internet that exchange data

Keyloggers

Software that records keyboard strokes to gain unauthorized access

Detecting keyloggers

The process of using antivirus software to scan for keyloggers

Multifactor Authentication

An authentication system that requires multiple factors for successful authentication

Polynomial Running Time

An algorithm with a number of steps proportional to a polynomial of the input size

Digital Divide

The unequal access to digital technology and information

Accessibility of the internet

The challenges in providing internet access to all citizens

The use divide

The difference in individuals' skills and abilities to use digital technology

The quality-of-use gap

The difference in the quality of digital technology use

Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)

A US copyright law that criminalizes copyright infringement and circumvention of access controls

Crowdsourcing

The process of obtaining goods, services, or ideas from a large group of internet users

Cookies

Small files that store data specific to a user's computer

Open Standards

Standards that are available to the public, facilitating interoperability

Brick and mortar

The physical presence of an organization in a building

Heuristic

A technique for solving problems quickly or finding approximate solutions

Moore's law

The observation that the number of transistors in a circuit doubles every two years

Redundant

Repetitive or unnecessary

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

A standards organization for the Internet and Internet protocol suite

Metadata

Data that provides information about other data

Computing innovation

An innovation that includes a computer or program code as an integral part