Bio 006 - Photosynthesis II & Cell Communication

Light Reactions

Initial phase of photosynthesis converting light energy. Absorbing and Storing it for later.

Photosystems

Light Reactions

Protein complexes that absorb light energy.

NADP Reductase

Light Reactions

Enzyme converting NADP+ to NADPH.

ATP Synthase

Light Reactions

Enzyme producing ATP from ADP.

Thylakoid Space

Light Reactions

Location where water splits into H+ and O2.

Calvin Cycle

Process converting CO2 into glucose.

Stroma

• Fluid surrounding thylakoids in chloroplasts.

• Location of the Calvin cycle

G3P

Main Reaction of the Calvin cycle…

Intermediate product in glucose synthesis.

CO2 —>_____

Rubisco

Enzyme catalyzing CO2 fixation with RuBP.

3-Phosphoglycerate

Product of CO2 fixation in Calvin Cycle.

Cell Membrane

Amphipathic barrier regulating substance passage.

Integral Proteins

Proteins embedded in cell membranes facilitating transport.

Ligands

Chemical signals used for cell communication.

Receptors

Proteins that bind ligands and initiate responses.

Signal Reception

First step in cell communication where ligand binds to receptor.

Signal Transduction

Step 2 in cell communication.; process of relaying signals within the cell.

Cellular Response

Final outcome of signal transduction pathway.

Quorum Sensing

Bacterial communication to assess population density.

Biofilms

Communal structures formed by bacterial coordination.

G Protein-Coupled Receptors

Membrane receptors activating G proteins upon binding.

Receptor Tyrosine Kinases

Receptors that dimerize and phosphorylate upon activation.

Ion Channel Receptors

Membrane proteins that allow ion passage when activated.

Cyclic AMP

Common second messenger in signal transduction.

Calcium Ions

Important signaling molecules in various cellular processes.

Transcription Regulation

Controlling gene expression by modifying transcription.

Cytoplasmic Activities

Modifying existing proteins' functions in response to signals.

Epinephrine

Hormone activating enzymes for immediate cellular response.

Response Variation Factors

Elements affecting how cells respond to signals.

sugar

The point of the Calvin cycle is to create ________

carbon fixation

Sub-steps of Calvin Cycle:

a) Rubisco (an enzyme) puts CO2 together with RuBP (a sugar) to form 3-phosphoglycerate (pre-G3P)

reduction

Sub-steps of Calvin Cycle:

b) Phosphate from ATP goes to 3-phosphoglycerate → G3P

regeneration

Sub-steps of Calvin Cycle:

c) Remake RuBP for later

1

3 G3P make __ Glucose

after

Glucose is technically made right ________ the Calvin Cycle

sucrose

G3P is used to build other sugars, too, like ________

amphipathic

allows specific things to pass through

signal

Proteins in the cell membrane can also allow cells to _______ to one another

ATP

Powers reactions throughout the cell

call response

Step 3 in cell communication when something in cell is changed

cell communication

identify the picture

2

Yeast are single-celled fungi (Eukaryotic) with __ mating types:

𝛂 (alpha) and a

cell signaling

Yeast uses __________ to tell the difference between mating types

call junctions

signaling molecule

Receptor needs the ________ to begin breaking down glycogen in the cytoplasm