A&P Chapter 1: Part 2

Anatomical position

the body in standard position: the body is erect with the feet parallel and the arms hanging at the sides with the palms facing forward

Directional terms

standard words used to describe the exact locations of body structures relative to other parts

Abdominal

anterior body trunk inferior to ribs

Acromial

point of shoulder

Antebrachial

forearm

Antecubital

anterior surface of the elbow

Axillary

armpit

Brachial

arm

buccal

cheek area

Carpal

one of the eight bones of the wrist

Cervical

refers to the neck or the necklike portion of an organ or structure

Coxal

hip

Crural

leg

Deltoid

curve of shoulder formed by large deltoid muscle

Digital

digital anatomical models, 3D renderings, or digital imaging (like CT scans) used to study its structural regions and bony landmarks

Femoral

thigh

Fibular

fibula, the lateral bone of the leg

Frontal

forehead

Inguinal

area where thigh meets body trunk; groin

Nasal

nose area

Oral

mouth

Plantar

sole or bottom of the foot

Sural

the posterior surface of lower leg; the calf

Superficial

toward or at the body surface; the skin is _________ to the skeleton

Deep

away from the body surface; more internal; the lungs are __________ to the rib cage

Medial

toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of; the heart is _________ to the arm

Lateral

away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of; the arms are ___________ to the chest

Ventral

toward or at the front of the body; in front of; the breastbone is ___________ to the spine

Dorsal

toward or at the backside of the body; behind; the heart is __________ to the breastbone

Olecranal

posterior surface of elbow

Calcaneal

heel of foot

Orbital

eye area

Patellar

anterior knee

Pelvic

area overlying the pelvis anteriorly

Pubic

genital region

Sternal

breastbone area

Tarsal

ankle region

Thoracic

chest

Umbilical

navel

Sacral

area between hips

Vertebral

area of spine

Plantar

sole of the foot

Section

cut

Plane

when the section is made through the body wall or through an organ, this is made along an imaginary line

Sagittal section

a cut along the lengthwise, or longitudinal, plane of the body, dividing the body into right and left parts

median/midsagittal section

the cut is down the median plane of the body and the right and left parts are equal in size

Frontal section

a cut along a lengthwise plane that divides the body (or an organ) into anterior and posterior parts.

Proximal

close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Distal

farther from the origin of a body part of the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Inferior

away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below

superior

toward the head end or upper part of a structure of the body; above

Coronal section

a cut along a lengthwise plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.

Transverse section

a cut along a horizontal plane, dividing the body or organ into superior and inferior parts

Cross section

a cut along a horizontal plane, dividing the body or organ into superior and inferior parts

Dorsal body cavity

a continuous internal space located on the posterior (back) side of the human body

Cranial cavity

the space inside the bony skull

Spinal cavity

a long, bony space inside the backbone

Ventral body cavity

a large fluid-filled space located on the anterior (front) side of the human body

Thoracic cavity

the hollow internal space enclosed by the rib cage, sternum, and spine; refers to the chest

Diaphragm

a muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

Mediastinum

the region of the thoracic cavity between the lungs

Abdominopelvic cavity

the cavity inferior to the diaphragm

Abdominal cavity

contains the stomach, liver, intestines, and other organs

Pelvic cavity

a funnel-shaped, bowl-like space enclosed by the bony pelvis. It sits below the abdominal cavity, holding vital urinary, digestive, and reproductive organs

Umbilical region

the center most region, deep to and surrounding the umbilicus (navel)

Epigastric region

located superior to the umbilical region

hypogastric/pubic region

is inferior to the umbilical region

Right and left iliac or inguinal region

lateral to the hypogastric region

Right and left lumbar regions

lie lateral to the umbilical region

Right and left hypochondriac regions

flank the epigastric region and contain the lower ribs

Oral and digestive cavities

the mouth; contains the teeth and tongue, this cavity is part of and continuous with the cavity of the digestive organs, which opens to the exterior at the butt

Nasal cavity

located within and posterior to the nose, the nasal cavity is part of the respiratory system passageways

Orbital cavities

in the skull and house the eyes and present them in an anterior position

Middle ear cavities

carved in the skull lie just medial to the eardrums. contain tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the hearing receptors in the inner ears.

Popliteal

centers on the popliteal fossa, a diamond-shaped space located at the back of the knee

cephalic

relating to the head or directed towards the head end of the body