US History Sem 1 Final PEOPLE-daltons

Abraham Lincoln

President during civil war, develops lincoln plan (10% plan), wants to be merciful & reunite country

John Wilkes Booth

Assassinates Lincoln

Andrew Johnson

Replaces Lincoln after assassination, impeached but not removed from office.

Rutherford B. Hayes & Samuel Tilden

Characters: Tilden (democratic candidate) v. Hayes (republican candidate of Ohio)

Conflict: Voters voted in large for Tilden (Democrat). 20 electoral votes up for grab in southern states.

Time: Presidential election of 1876

Issues:

Impact: Hayes won the election from the decision of an electoral commission. Hayes agreed to remove federal troops from the south and end reconstruction in the south in return for a democratic promise that southern states would recognize rights of black americans

J. Edgar Thomson

Declared rate wars, slashed prices, and bought stock in other Rail lines

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Bribed judges, hired thugs, connected N.Y. city to Great Lakes region, "Aint I got the power?", donated $1 million to built college.

J.P. Morgan

Banker who buys out Carnegie Steel and renames it to U.S. Steel. Eventually buys many of the railroads. Was one of the "Robber barons".

George Pullman

Invented the sleeping (or Pullman) car, private car, and dining car.

George Westinghouse

Invented the air brake for trains.

Alexander Graham Bell

Invented the telephone (became nervous system of American business), Invented harmonic telegraph, Western Union: "electric toy", "Ahoy!" (greeting word telephone)

Christopher Sholes

Invented typewriter (reduced business losses due to illegible handwriting), Querty Querty, Adventures of Tom Sawer first book typed.

Thomas Edison

Invented incandescent light bulb (converted electricity into stable, controllable light), improved telegraph, phone, typewriter, "Wizard of Menlo Park", almost 4000 patents

Cyrus McCormick

First Mechanical Reaper (mechanized farming = less labor needed. kids move to cities to find jobs), Abraham Lincoln defends his patent.

George Westinghouse

Developed method of transporting energy over long distances, Founds Westinghouse Electric Corporation - electricity for the masses, William Kemmler, "Westinghoused".

Elisha Otis

Invented "safety elevator", made possible the Construction of taller, centralized business, World's Fair Demonstration.

Gail Borden

Created a process for evaporating milk in a vacuum and preserving it in airtight cans

H.J. Heinz

Industrial preserved foods on a large scale (pickles vegetables & fruits), most famous for ketchup

Gustavas Swift and Philip Armour

Created "disassembly line" (cut meat into pieces ready to sell).

Philip Armour

Kept prices down by using all of the animal, bones, blood hides, (bristle) brush, hence hotdog was invented.

Gustavas Swift

Introduced ice refrigeration for shipping meat by rail.

Fannie Farmer

Invented standardized measurements

Henry Bessemer (UK)

Invented the blast furnace (bessemer process)

Andrew Carnegie

A Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company. His company dominated the American steel industry. Entrepreneur, builds steal empire with Henry Frick, Introduced vertical integration.

Abraham Gesner

Isolated Kerosene from oil

Edwin Drake

Perfected the drill and pump system to tap crude oil.

John D. Rockefeller

Built Standard Oil, Words first billion dollar corporation. (horizontal integration)

Steven Girard

Proposed the Girard model for giving money away (to charities rather than children).

John Astor

Proposed the Astor model for giving money away (to children rather then charities

Jonathan Edwards

Married a woman of like faith, 1200 descendants were studied, almost all were respectable and people of good character

Matt Jukes

Unbeliever, married a girl of like character who lacked principle, 1200 descendants were studied, almost all were criminals or street people.

Henry George

American journalist, writes Progress and Poverty , disliked the killing working conditions that enriched the few and impoverished millions (still thought capitalism was good though).

Horatio Alger

Writes rags to riches books, touting belief that we are a nation of motivated, hardworking people and that if one door doesn't open for us, we will find another (the American Dream)

Herbert Spencer

English philosopher and sociologist who applied the theory of natural selection to human societies.

Henry Frick

Was an industrialist who headed the Carnegie Steel Company and the United States Steel Corporation, cuts wages, causing the Homestead Steel Strike.

James McParlan

(Irish detective) infiltrated the M and Ms, gathered info and several were hung, organization destroyed

William Sylvis

Founder of the National Labor Union

Uriah Stevens

founder of Knights of Labor

Samuel Gompers

He was the creator of the American Federation of Labor. He provided a stable and unified union for skilled workers.

Carl Schurz

Most famous German, senator from Missouri, on Grant's cabinet

Ben Butler

Lucius Fairchild

Benjamin Harrison

Waved the bloody shirt (used anger over the civil war to win votes)

James Seymore

Loses to Grant Administration (500,000 black Americans help Grant win)

Jay Gould & Jim Fisk

Two millionare businessmen who came up with the scheme to corner the gold market during the Ulysses S. Grant's presidency.

Horace Greely

editor of the NY tribune that is run for president by liberal republicans in 1872 against Grant. (abolitionist, women's rights, spiritualism, phrenology). Loses because he wanted to "grasp hands across the bloody chasm" - willing to work with traitorous Southerners.

James Garfield

the 20th President of the US; he died two months after being shot by Charles Guiteau and six months after his inauguration.

Chester Arthur

He was chosen as Garfield's running mate. Garfield won but was shot, so Arthur became the 21st president. Passes Pendleton Act (bases for modern civil service - hire people based on merit, act outlaws assessment system). Develops modern navy

Grover Cleveland

First Democrat to win White House since Civil War, vetoes pension bills, favors lower tariffs (rural). President during revolution of Hawaii, rejects annexation.

Benjamin Harrison

favored pensions, high tariffs (business).

Wilson Gorman

Lowers McKinley tariff to 40% (Cleveland)

General George Crook

American's greatest Indian fighter (also treated Indians fair)

Red Cloud

Sioux chief, shut down 3 forts on the Boseman trail (we were occupied with the Civil War).

Sitting Bull

Present at Custer's Last Stand, given credit for his defeat even though he didn't kill Custer

Crazy Horse

Actually killed Custer, wasn't given much credit for it.

Chief Joseph

The chief of the Nez Perce who tried to take part of his tribe to Canada to escape going to a reservation - they were captured and put on a reservation before they reached it. "Where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever".

Geronimo

Apache leader who fought U.S. soldiers to keep his land. He led a revolt of 4,000 of his people after they were forced to move to a reservation in Arizona.

Helen Hunt Jackson

wrote A Century of Dishonor in which she argued that American forces should stay off Indian lands (we broke treaty after treaty)

Wovoka

He was a new prophet, who promised to restore the Sioux to their original dominance on the Plains if they performed the Ghost Dance

Joseph McCoy

Established Abilene, Chisholm trail

Ned Buntline

Wrote dime novels

Jesse James

Famous American outlaw who robbed banks, stagecoaches, and trains "Robin Hood of the West"

Myra Belle Shirley

Horse Thief, "Bandit Queen", Belle Starr.

William H. Bonney

Brooklyn-born murderer, "Billy the Kid", Killed by Pat Garret.

"Wild Bill" Hickok

Gambler, lawman made West safe for women/children.

Calamity Jane

Skilled with gun/horses in wild west show.

Annie Oakley

"Little Sure Shot", also in Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show

Henry "Pancake" Comstock

1858 discovers gold in Nevada (Comstock Lode), sells claim for $11,000 & 2 mules to a mining company.

Joseph Glidden

Invented barbed wire

Henry Grady

"build a new South", "out Yankee the Yankees!"

James Duke

Improves tobacco sales by making trading cards to entice kids

Mary Elizabeth Lease

Accused bankers of cheating farmers and workers through deflation "raise less corn and more heck!"

James B. Weaver

He was the Populist candidate for president in the election of 1892 (silverites); received only 8.2% of the vote. He was from the West.

William Harvey

Writes "Coin's Financial School" (unlimited coinage of silver = prosperity, pay debts = more money to start a business, more money backed by gold)

William McKinley

Reoublican, considered a scholar on the tariff issue, portrayed Bryan as a radical threatening social stability, front porch campaign, supported by bankers and industrialists. Annexed Hawaii because its better for U.S. to take it than other countries.

William Jennings Bryan

First candidate not to look to the Civil War as a major issue, "Boy Bryan" (only 36), Cross of Gold speach, great orator, free silver!, populists also nominate Bryan (diff V.P.), first modern campaigner. Runs again in 1900, "The Great Commoner", loses again.

Commodore Matthew Perry

Convinced Japan to end isolationism and purchase American goods

Henry Cabot Lodge

Leading expansionist, along with Roosevelt. Wanted America to join the race for colonies.

Josiah Strong

Wrote "Our Country" and sparked an imperialistic policy by setting forth the concept of a "white man's burden" (Anglo-Saxons more fit to rule - democracy, divinely commissioned to spread our way of life)

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Wrote the "Influence of Sea Power on History" (key to greatness = sea power)

Frederick Jackson Turner

Fontier Theory - said if we didn't expand it would lead to stagnation in our economy/democracy. "The West is now closed"

William Randolph Hearst

(N.Y. Journal) in competition with Pulitzer to sell papers, used sensationalism (yellow press) to exaggerate the Spanish-American war

Joseph Pulitzer

(N.Y. World) in competition with Hearst, also uses yellow journalism, develops the first sports page on his newspaper, Pulitzer prize.

Valerian Weyler

"the Butcher", places 500,000 civilians in open air concentration camps to keep them from aiding the insurgents.

Commodore George Dewey

Followed Roosevelt's order to attack Spanish forces in the Philippines when war was declared; completely destroyed the Spanish fleet stationed at Manila Bay. This makes him a national hero. Babies are named after Dewey and gum is named after him called "Dewey's Chewies".

Teddy Roosevelt

- Second in command to the Rough Riders, who capture Kettle Hill and San Juan Hill. Made V.P. by Republicans who wanted to shut him up, McKinley is assassinated and Roosevelt becomes president.

- Maintains Open Door policy, introduces Roosevelt Corollary an addition to the Monroe Doctrine - U.S. can exercise international police power in the Western Hemisphere. Intervenes in Cuba, Nicaragua, Haiti, the Dominican Republic,, and the Russo-Japanese War (which earns him Nobel Peace prize). He exercises gunboat diplomacy.

- Symbol of the turn of the century: "Active Age". "Speak softly and carry and big stick". Childhood: Teddy had asthma. Young adult, state legislature, wife and mother die in the same night. Goes West, rancher and sheriff, the first president to go outside the continental U.S. (Panama Canal). Posed for photographs constantly (media's growing power). First president to ride in car sub and airplane, Booker T. Washington visits white house, wrote 12 books. Big game hunter.

General Woods

Commander of the Rough Riders with Roosevelt

General William Shafter

Placed in charge of all military units in Cuba during the Spanish American War.

Black Jack Pershing

Commands the Tenth Negro Cavalry - assist Rough Riders in capturing hills.

Admirals Sampson, Schley, and Cevera

Sampson and Schley defeat the last of the Spanish fleet under Admiral Cevera.

Major William Gorgas and Dr. Walter Reed

Discovered the cause of yellow fever

Queen Liliuokalani

the Hawaiian queen who ignores constitution and beheads people, revolution gets help from U.S. marines to overthrow her.

William Seward

Purchased Alaska from Russia in 1867 for 7.2 million. Called Seward's folly because it's a frozen wasteland. (Seward's Icebox)

Emilio Aguinaldo

Leads Filipinos in revolt , guerrilla warfare, he's captured by Arthur MacArthur.

Web DuBois

Founder of the NAACP, earned PhD at Harvard

Booker T. Washington

Teach black students a trade = middle class, first black man to visit the White House.

George Washington Carver

Most famous professor from Tuskegee Institute, invents 300 uses for peanut butter.

Elizabeth Blackwell

Founded a medical college for women.

James Redpath

Founded the Lyceum (brought culture to small towns).

Abner Double Day

Invented baseball Cooperstown N.Y.

William "Dummy" Hoy

Deaf, starts baseball sign language.

Samuel Clemons (Mark Twain)

Uses distinctly American language, exposed Gilded Age, Realism in his novels. "Baseball was the very symbol of the raging, tearing. and booming 19th century".

Sir John Douglas

Introduces roles, boxing legalized