the vocabulary files unit 3,4

make more dificult for sb to do sth or for sth to happen

hinder

→hindrance

impede

stop sb/sth from moving dorward by block their path

obstruct

→obstructive

→obstruction

make sb unable to express themselves freely

inhibit

→inhibition

stop the flow or the spread of sth(usually liquid)

stem

forbid sb fromn doing sth(usually by law or regulation)

prohibit

→prohbitive

→prohibition

make movement difficult

hamper

cơ cực

destitute

→destitution

large rock

boulder

the part of an army that fights on foot

bộ binh

infantry

liên ban

federal

a state or federal prison

penitentiary

annoying

irksome

to keep someone as a prisoner or make someone a prisoner

hold/take someone captive

khéo léo

ingenious

→ingenuity

not thorough or profound

superficial

more than needed or wanted

superfluous

thờ ơ

apathetic

(lega)arrest,seize

apprehend

written law

statute

a person’s body height

stature

not movimg,changing

stationary

ngây thơ

ingenuous

illegal

illicit

a situation in which a price, etc. becomes lower

downward spiral

become worse

spiral

consider/be considered as

count

I count myself fortunate to have had such a good education.

to not be able to remember how many times something has happened

lose count

ngả lưng

recline

She was reclining elegantly on the sofa.

(v) to think for a long time about things that make you sad, worried, or angry

brood

sulk

cách ly

quarantine

praise sth/sb very much

extol

She is forever extolling the virtues of her children.

good moral quality

moral

expensive

exorbitant

next to

contiguous

do away with,put an end to a system or practice by law

abolish

Note: the law abolishes or you abolish sth by law,but you cant abolish the law

put an end to a law

repeal

income tax legislation will never be repealed

declare officially that sth is invalid and no longer exists

annul

the contract has been annulled

take back sth granted soo that it is no longer legal or official

recall

Note:we RECALL a messenger,an ambassador,but we REVOKE an order

make sth disappear completely by destroying it

eradicate

the problem of absenteeism will never be totally eradicated from school

depending on something else in the future in order to happen

contingent on/upon something

Outdoor activities are, as ever, contingent on the weather.

in the same way as always

as ever

a situation in which people are not at school or work when they should be

absenteeism

destroy sb/sth completely by killing them

exterminate

Note: Individuals are said to be banished,expelled and destroyed. Raced of people,animals or insectes can be exterminated

-to send someone away, especially from their country, and not allow them to come back

-get rid of sth

banish

Try to banish all thoughts of revenge from your mind.

destroy a place or a group of people by using weapons,bombs

annihilate

destroy a large part of a whole

decimate

disease and malnutrition had decimated the locak population

to exist in large numbers

abound (V)

to ask someone for money, information, or help

solicit

to solicit donations for a charity

to ask for something in a way that shows you need it very much

beseech (V)-old use and literary

Stay a little longer, I beseech you!

used to emphasize that something is not large or important

used to emphasize how strongly someone feels about something or how extreme a situation is

mere

The mere thought of it (= just thinking about it) makes me feel sick.

showing strong disapproval and not showing respect

derogatory

derogatory remark

criticizing someone, in a way that shows you do not respect or value them

disparage

→be disparaged as

The actor's work for charity has recently been disparaged in the press as an attempt to get publicity.

=BELITTLE

to make a legal agreement or decision have no legal force

to cause something to have no value or effect

nullify (V)

the marriage was nullified

someone who is sick and unable to take care of himself or herself, especially for a long time

invalid(N)-old-fashioned

chứng loãng xương

osteoporosis

If a problem or illness ….. a person or thing, they or it suffer from it

afflict

to send someone away, especially from their country, and not allow them to come back

banish

=exile

brief

succinct

extremely good, pleasant, or enjoyable

divine(A)

=splendid

to guess something

divine(v)

I divined from his grim expression that the news was not good.

sharp,penetrating

acute

although their vision is poor,bats have an acute sense of hearing

bẩm sinh

congenitial

friendly and pleasant

congenial

congenial company/surroundings

next to or touching another, usually similar, thing

contiguous

a problem, difficulty, or disadvantage:

snag

The drug is very effective - the only snag is that it cannot be produced in large quantities.

cozy,warm and comfortable

snug

morally disgusting,offensive

obscene

vốn chi là

let alone

it is true

there's no denying

There's no denying that this has been a difficult year for the company.

of excellent quality; very great

superb

A ….. piece of art, writing, or music represents the pleasant and traditional features of the countryside

pastoral

hộ tống

escort

similar or equal (to something)

well-matched

Her skills are well matched to the job.

yến mạch

oat

vòng tay

wristlet

unwilling to speak about your thoughts or feelings

kín đáo (formal)

reticent

Most of the students were reticent about answering questions.

ngoại giáo

pagan (A)

a pagan religion

tụng kinh

chant (V)

We could hear the monks chanting.

starting from this time; in the future

hereafter (hereinafter)

the hereafter=afterlife=life after death

causing or intending to cause harm

malign - malign influence

=malicious=maleficient

nhà truyền giáo

missionary