Industrial Revolution (as a whole)

What time did the Industrial Revolution span across?

Late 1700s - Early 1900s

What was the Industrial Revolution funded by?

The Slave Trade

(A)True or false: Cities were extremely filthy, causing dust, dirt, and other contaminants to increase illness through food, water, proximity, and pollution.

(A)True

(B)True or false: The working conditions were so inhospitable that many children didn't make it to adulthood. People were fed minimally, often without a break to eat, and the food quality was so poor that many went malnourished. Machinery was left without safety rails, and moving parts could easily maim or kill.

(B)True

(C)True or false: Only adults worked in factories and workhouses.

(C)False

How did the living standards of Industrial England citizens differ between classes?

Higher classes lived away from the polluted cities and slums riddled with disease and poverty.

How many people on average per house (divided into apartments)?

30

How did proximity affect London citizens?

Disease spread quicker due to close contact and the crowded streets were more susceptible to the effects of pollution.

Define rookery

A slum

What was Whitechapel?

A London slum

(D)True or false: Rookeries were crime-ridden due to the fact people needed basic necessities like food and clothes but couldn't afford them with basic wages.

(D)True

Why were manor houses built away from London?

To escape the polluted city

Define cesspit

A form of sewage system that is open-to-air and often seen in the form of gutters.

Define smog

Thick, black, hazy smoke intensified by pollutants

When was the Spinning Jenny invented, and by who?

1764 by James Hargreaves

How many threads instead of the usual amount could the Spinning Jenny weave?

7 instead of 1

(E)True or false: The Spinning Jenny was employed by factory owners in 1764, rapidly increasing the popularity and prosperity of the British textile industry.

(E)True

What did the Spinning Jenny produce?

Cloth

Why did the Spinning Jenny cause public outrage?

People believed it would take over their jobs.

When was the steam engine improved, and who by?

1770s by James Watt

What did steam engines run on?

Fossil fuels

(F)True or false: The steam engine paved the way for portable automation once it reached factories, immensely increasing the potential of production for almost every industry.

(F)True

What forms of power were used before the steam engine?

Animal and water

When was the power loom invented, and who by?

1785 by Edmund Cartwright

(G)True or false: The power loom mechanised the weaving process of cloth, allowing for a massive increase in the production of textiles.

(G)True

When was the steam locomotive invented, and who by?

1814 by George Stephenson

(H)True or false: The steam locomotive used James Watt's improved steam engine to pull a train along tracks. This revolutionised travel, and allowed for the transport of quite literally anything across a much larger distance than before with twice the convenience.

(H)True

When was the telegraph invented, and who by?

1837 by Samuel Morse

What language did the telegraph write in?

Morse code

(I)True or false: The telegraph allowed for the near-instantaneous transmission of information, revolutionising communication. This especially aided the government.

(I)True

When were canals primarily constructed?

Early 1700s - Late 1800s

When was the seed drill invented, and who by?

1701 by Jethro Tull

What did the seed drill reduce the need of?

Human and animal workers

(J)True or false: The seed drill revolutionised farming and reduced the need of workers or animals. Crops also grew with lower mortality rates due to the machine precision of the device. Overall, the seed drill helped to drastically increase the food production of Industrial England.

(J)True

Why was Sunderland a key part of the Industrial Revolution?

It exported one of the largest amounts of coal.

How did Sunderland's population increase from 1801-1901?

12,412-146,000

Define pioneer

A person who developed a revolutionary new way of something

Which country was considered the pioneer of the Industrial Revolution?

Great Britain

What are the symptoms of cholera?

Diarrhoea, vomiting, blue skin, dehydration

How many days did it take to die from cholera at the time?

10 days

How did Cholera first come to England?

Trade routes

(K)True or false: Cholera is contagious through contact

(K)False

(L)True or false: Quarantines that had to be placed on trade routes severely impacted Sunderland and other parts of Britain, practically cutting them off. The cholera wasn't easily contained; people never knew how it spread before John Snow came along.

(L)True

Why was Sunderland boycotted?

Quarantines

How many people died from cholera between 1881-1832?

32,000

(M)True or false: The British government cared deeply for the wellbeing of its citizens during the cholera outbreaks

(M)False

Why were the British mad at the government during the 1820s-30s cholera outbreaks?

Negligence

The government formed a party known as…?

The Anti-Cholera Party

How many cholera epidemics did Britain (particularly London) face by 1866?

4

Where did cholera originate from?

India

Did Britain already have cholera before the epidemics?

Yes

Who was John Snow?

An anaesthesiologist/physician

Who was the pioneer of epidemiology?

John Snow

Define epidemiology

The study of how disease originates and transmits

How did cholera spread?

Contaminated water or food

What was the miasma theory?

The theory that bad air caused disease

(N)True or false: John Snow located possible areas where cholera was most prevalent by both surveying where the most deaths had happened and interviewing a rich woman whose son had fetched water from a pump in a city, infecting them all.

(N)True

Define proletarian (abbreviation: ‘prole’)

A poor person