History Summer exam 25 - 1798 Rebellion

Nationalism

The desire to gain independence from Britain.

Unionism

The desire to maintain the link with Britain.

Physical force

Achieving independence through an armed rebellion or uprising

Physical force leaders

Wolfe Tone, Robert Emmet, William O'Brien and Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa

Protestant Ascendancy

members of the Anglican elite they made up 15% of the population but owned 80% of the land

Penal laws

a series of laws that discriminated against Catholics eg. Catholics couldn’t vote

Causes of the 1798 Rebellion

Catholic and Presbyterian discontent, poverty in the countryside, the influence of the American and French Revolutions and the establishment of the United Irishmen

The United Irishmen

A society established to unite all Irish men and reduce English power in Ireland

Theobold Wolfe Tone

Leader of United Irishmen known as the father of republicism

An Argument on behalf of the Catholics of Ireland

1791 Pamphlet written by Wolfe Tone

The United Irishmen were banned because

war broke out between Britain and France in 1793 which led to widespread repression in Ireland

Two countries Wolf Tone went to for help

America and France

Assistance provided by France in 1796

43 ships, 15,000 soldiers and General Hoche

General Lazare Hoche

Led French troops to Bantry Bay

The French fleet failed to land in Bantry Bay because

of bad weather

General Lake

British soldier sent to Ireland to prevent a rebellion. His troops burnt houses, flogged and tortured suspects and confiscated weapons

Lord Edward Fitzgerald

Irish aristocrat and revolutionary who died when shot by a police officer for resitting arrest

Pitch-capping

Pouring hot tar into a hemisphere shaped cap, which was forced onto the suspect's head, allowed to cool, then removed, taking with it the suspect's skin

Rebel victories in Wexford

Oulart Hill, Enniscorthy and Wexford town

Yeomanry

Part-time Unionist army

Leaders of the rebellion in Wexford

Father John Murphy and Bagenal Harvey

Scullabogue Massacre

126, mostly Protestant, men, women and children were rounded up and shot or burnt alive in a barn

Three locations where the Wexford rebels were defeated

New Ross, Arklow and Vinegar Hill

Leaders of the rebellion in Ulster

Henry Joy McCracken and Henry Munro

General Humbert

French soldier, a participant in the French Revolution, who led a failed invasion of Ireland to assist Irish rebels in 1798

A song that commemorates the 1798 Rebellion

'Boulavogue'

Act of Union 1800

A Law that abolished the Irish parliament this also meant Ireland was now ruled directly from London and was passed as a result of the 1798 Rebellion

Catholic Emancipation

granting equal rights to Catholics, especially the right to take seats in parliament

Robert Emmet

Led a failed uprising in July 1803