BIOLOGY:: CH-3 Plant kingdom

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36 Terms

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pteridophytes include

horsetails and ferns

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pteridophytes used as

medicine, soilbinders, ornamentals

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soil binders

have roots to bind soil
prevent soil erosion

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first terrestial plants to have vascular tissue

pteridophytes

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habitat of pteridophytes

cool, damp, shady places
some flourish well in sandy soil

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dominant phase of pteridophytes

sporophyte

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sporophyte differentiated in roots stem and leaves

pteridophyte

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well developed vascular system in

sporophyte of pteridophytes

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types of leaves found in pteridophytes

macrophyll and microphyll

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microphyll in pteridophyte example

selaginella and equisetum

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macrophyll in pteridophyte example

ferns

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sporangia

found on leaf- like appendages called sporophylls

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sporophyll present on

sporophyte

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strobili or cones

in some cases, sporophyll forms distinct compact structures

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strobili or cones example

selaginella and equisetum

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spore mother cells in sporangia

produce spores by meiosis

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prothallus

spores germinate to give rise to inconspicuous, small but multicellular, free living, photosynthetic thalloid gametophyte called prothallus

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gametophytes favourable condition to grow

cool, damp, shady place
water for fertilisation

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spread of living pteridophyte restricted

due to their specific restricted requirement and the need for water for fertilisation, the spread of living pteridophyte is limited and restricted to narrow geographical area

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antheridia and archegonia present on

gametophyte, prothallus

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male gametes release

from antheridium, to the mouth of archegonia

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fertilisation

in archegonium

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zygote formation in

archegonium

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zygote produces

well differentiated, multicellular dominant sporophyte

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homosporus

plants in which spores are of similar kind
most pteridophytes and all bryophytes

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heterosporus pteridophytes

selaginella, salvinia, azolla, marsilea

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the precursor to seed habit

plant must be heterosporus

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precursor to seed habit first originated

pteridophytes

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male gametophyte

microspore

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female gametophyte

megaspore

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why heterosporus pteridophytes don’t produce seeds

the female gametophyte leaves main plant as soon as zygote formation occurs

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classes of pteridophytes

psilopsida, lycopsida, sphenopsida, pteropsida

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psilopsida ex

psilotum

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lycopsida eg

selaginella, lycopodium

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sphenopsida eg

equisetum

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pteropsida eg

pteris, dryopteris, adiantum, pteridium, azolla, marsilea, salvinia