Cognitive Communication Disorders

cognitive communication disorder

difficulty with any aspect of communication that is affected by disruption of cognition

attention

memory

organization
problem solving

reasoning

executive functions

Name 6 cognitive processes.

true

Cognitive communication disorders can affect verbal and non-verbal communication.

perception

interpretation of sensory information

orientation

knowing where, when, who you are, and why you are there

true

Alzheimer’s Disease is commonly confused with normal aging in the beginning stages.

Parkinson’s Disease

Which disorder shows reduced inhibitory dopamaine levels?

attention

selective concentration

memory

recall of facts, procedures, past and future events

memory wallet

a tool used to assist individuals in recalling important information, often containing physical reminders and organizational aids

organiation

arranging ideas in a useful order

language

using words for communication

processing speed

quick thinking and understanding

insight and judgement

knowing limitations and what they mean

problem solving

finding solutions to obstacles

reasoning

logically thinking through situations

executive functioning

making a plan, acting it out, evaluating success, adjusting

metacognition

thinking about how you think

Alzheimer’s Disease

Brain Tumors

Strokes

Traumatic Brain Injuries

Name 4 common etiologies for cognitive communication disorders.

perception

ability to see, hear, or become aware through senses

agnosia

the general inability to interpret sensations and recognize things

visual agnosia

difficulty recognizing or interpreting visual information despite having intact vision

tonic alertness

response to stimuli over a long period of time

phasic alertness

rapid response to stimuli

focused attention

orienting and response to stimulation (related to tonic alertness)

sustained attention

vigilance, attention over time

selective attention

attending when competing stimuli are present, requires suppressing and filtering distractions

divided attention

attending to more than one activity at a time

divded

Driving is an example of ____________ attention.

endogenous attention

goal-driven attention towards a stimulus voluntarily

exogenous attention

stimulus driven attention, driven by external events in the environment, involuntary

phasic alertness

reaction time testing

sustained attention

tap when you see a specific stimuli

sustained attention

refers to the ability to maintain focus and concentration on a task or stimulus over an extended period

selective attention

the ability to focus on a specific stimulus or task while ignoring irrelevant or distracting information

selective attention

tested through cancellation tests, Stroop color and word test, symbol digit modalities test

cancellation tasks

a test where a participant searches for and crosses out targets among distractor stimuli

symbol digit modalities test

a screening tool that assesses neurological dysfunction by measuring how quickly a person can match abstract symbols with numbers

alternating attention

shifting attention

serial calculation tasks

start at 100 and subtract 3

divided attention

trail making test, digit span backwards

divided attention

the ability to focus on two or more tasks simultaneously

oriented to person

the patient knows his or her name and can recognize significant
others

encoding

putting items into memory

storage

maintenance of information over time

retrieval

access of information from memory

visual memory

the ability to recall and recognize visual information such as shapes, colors, or spatial arrangements

explicit memory

conscious, intentional recall of facts, events, or concepts, also known as declarative memory

implicit memory

unconscious retention of learned skills and conditioned responses, such as riding a bike or tying a shoe

sensory memory

contents decay in 1-2 seconds

eidetic memory

another term for sensory memory

± 7 units

What is the typical structural capacity?

structural capcity

means for storing information

functional capacity

organization for efficient processing

immediate memory

recall without manipulation

working memory

recall with manipulation

retrospective memory

retention and recall of past experiences and events

procedural (implicit) memory

knowing how to do something

prospective memory

intentions in the past drive behavior in the present and the future

retrograde amnesia

loss of preinjury memories

anterograde amnesia

loss of recent memories post-injury and difficulty with learning new information

processing speed

speed of thinking and understanding

features

categories

temporal sequence

parts

wholes

themes

main ideas

Name 7 ways to organize.

deductive reasoning

general statements, or premises, are used to form a specific
conclusion

syllogisms

a conclusion is drawn (whether validly or not) from two given or assumed propositions (premises)

top-down

Deductive reasoning is ___________.

bottom-up

Inductive reasoning is __________.

inductive reasoning

make observations or look for patterns then draw a conclusion

evaluative reasoning

involves assessing options based on specific criteria

evaluative reasoning

weighing pros and cons and making a value based decision

convergent reasoning

focuses on synthesizing information to identify the main idea or central message

used to condense details into a concise understanding.

divergent reasoning

involves generating multiple possibilities or solutions, such as brainstorming various career paths based on interests and qualifications

anaphoric inferencing

connecting pronoun or noun phrase to prior entity

Example: The boy went to the store. He left there without anything.

predictive inferencing

having an idea of what will happen

progressive matrices

look at patterns and pick the next item in the
sequence

metacognition

awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes

delirium

can result in cognitive impairment that fluctuates unpredictably

immediate memory

block tapping and digit span

remote memory

clients response to interview questions about self

remote memory

the ability to recall events from the distant past, often spanning years or even decades

deductive reasoning

general statements are used to form conclusions

inductive reasoning

observations of patterns leads to a conclusion

executive functioning

ability to use awareness of strengths and limitations to set goals and achieve them with flexibility and demonstration of theory of the mind

functional integrative performance

the efficiency with which cognitive skills are utilized, including style and level of processing

true

It is important to assess clients suspected of having cognitive-linguistic deficits using standardized assessment and to assess daily functioning in varied situations.

procedural memory

ability to recall how to complete tasks

visual memory

view a design and then draw it from memory

retrospective memory

retain and recall past events and experiences

declarative memory

ability to recall facts

working memory

ability to hold a finite amount of information in the mind for immediate processing and manipulating

divided attention

ability to attend to more than one stimuli at a time

multitasking

Divided attention is the same as _______________.

selective attention

ability to hold attention on a stimulus while ignoring the presence of competing stimuli

alternating attention

ability to move or redirect attention back and forth from one stimulus to another

selective attention

ability to hold attention on a stimulus while ignoring the presence of competing stimuli

sustained attention

ability to hold attention on a single stimulus

orientation

awareness of self, location, time and problem

cognition

the ability to acquire and process knowledge about the world

orienting

ability to direct attention to a stimulus