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cognitive communication disorder
difficulty with any aspect of communication that is affected by disruption of cognition
attention
memory
organization
problem solving
reasoning
executive functions
Name 6 cognitive processes.
true
Cognitive communication disorders can affect verbal and non-verbal communication.
perception
interpretation of sensory information
orientation
knowing where, when, who you are, and why you are there
attention
selective concentration
memory
recall of facts, procedures, past and future events
organiation
arranging ideas in a useful order
language
using words for communication
processing speed
quick thinking and understanding
insight and judgement
knowing limitations and what they mean
problem solving
finding solutions to obstacles
reasoning
logically thinking through situations
executive functioning
making a plan, acting it out, evaluating success, adjusting
metacognition
thinking about how you think
Alzheimer’s Disease
Brain Tumors
Strokes
Traumatic Brain Injuries
Name 4 common etiologies for cognitive communication disorders.
perception
ability to see, hear, or become aware through senses
agnosia
the general inability to interpret sensations and recognize things
visual agnosia
difficulty recognizing or interpreting visual information despite having intact vision
tonic alertness
response to stimuli over a long period of time
phasic alertness
rapid response to stimuli
focused attention
orienting and response to stimulation (related to tonic alertness)
sustained attention
vigilance, attention over time
selective attention
attending when competing stimuli are present, requires suppressing and filtering distractions
divided attention
attending to more than one activity at a time
divded
Driving is an example of ____________ attention.
endogenous attention
goal-driven attention towards a stimulus voluntarily
exogenous attention
stimulus driven attention, driven by external events in the environment, involuntary
phasic alertness
reaction time testing
sustained attention
tap when you see a specific stimuli
sustained attention
refers to the ability to maintain focus and concentration on a task or stimulus over an extended period
selective attention
the ability to focus on a specific stimulus or task while ignoring irrelevant or distracting information
selective attention
tested through cancellation tests, Stroop color and word test, symbol digit modalities test
cancellation tasks
a test where a participant searches for and crosses out targets among distractor stimuli
symbol digit modalities test
a screening tool that assesses neurological dysfunction by measuring how quickly a person can match abstract symbols with numbers
alternating attention
shifting attention
serial calculation tasks
start at 100 and subtract 3
divided attention
trail making test, digit span backwards
divided attention
the ability to focus on two or more tasks simultaneously
oriented to person
the patient knows his or her name and can recognize significant
others
encoding
putting items into memory
storage
maintenance of information over time
retrieval
access of information from memory
visual memory
the ability to recall and recognize visual information such as shapes, colors, or spatial arrangements
explicit memory
conscious, intentional recall of facts, events, or concepts, also known as declarative memory
implicit memory
unconscious retention of learned skills and conditioned responses, such as riding a bike or tying a shoe
sensory memory
contents decay in 1-2 seconds
eidetic memory
another term for sensory memory
± 7 units
What is the typical structural capacity?
structural capcity
means for storing information
functional capacity
organization for efficient processing
immediate memory
recall without manipulation
working memory
recall with manipulation
retrospective memory
retention and recall of past experiences and events
procedural (implicit) memory
knowing how to do something
prospective memory
intentions in the past drive behavior in the present and the future
retrograde amnesia
loss of preinjury memories
anterograde amnesia
loss of recent memories post-injury and difficulty with learning new information
processing speed
speed of thinking and understanding
features
categories
temporal sequence
parts
wholes
themes
main ideas
Name 7 ways to organize.
deductive reasoning
general statements, or premises, are used to form a specific
conclusion
syllogisms
a conclusion is drawn (whether validly or not) from two given or assumed propositions (premises)
top-down
Deductive reasoning is ___________.
bottom-up
Inductive reasoning is __________.
inductive reasoning
make observations or look for patterns then draw a conclusion
evaluative reasoning
involves assessing options based on specific criteria
evaluative reasoning
weighing pros and cons and making a value based decision
convergent reasoning
focuses on synthesizing information to identify the main idea or central message
used to condense details into a concise understanding.
divergent reasoning
involves generating multiple possibilities or solutions, such as brainstorming various career paths based on interests and qualifications
anaphoric inferencing
connecting pronoun or noun phrase to prior entity
Example: The boy went to the store. He left there without anything.
predictive inferencing
having an idea of what will happen
progressive matrices
look at patterns and pick the next item in the
sequence
metacognition
awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes
delirium
can result in cognitive impairment that fluctuates unpredictably
immediate memory
block tapping and digit span
remote memory
clients response to interview questions about self
remote memory
the ability to recall events from the distant past, often spanning years or even decades
deductive reasoning
general statements are used to form conclusions
inductive reasoning
observations of patterns leads to a conclusion
executive functioning
ability to use awareness of strengths and limitations to set goals and achieve them with flexibility and demonstration of theory of the mind
functional integrative performance
the efficiency with which cognitive skills are utilized, including style and level of processing
true
It is important to assess clients suspected of having cognitive-linguistic deficits using standardized assessment and to assess daily functioning in varied situations.
procedural memory
ability to recall how to complete tasks
visual memory
view a design and then draw it from memory
retrospective memory
retain and recall past events and experiences
declarative memory
ability to recall facts
working memory
ability to hold a finite amount of information in the mind for immediate processing and manipulating
divided attention
ability to attend to more than one stimuli at a time
multitasking
Divided attention is the same as _______________.
selective attention
ability to hold attention on a stimulus while ignoring the presence of competing stimuli
alternating attention
ability to move or redirect attention back and forth from one stimulus to another
selective attention
ability to hold attention on a stimulus while ignoring the presence of competing stimuli
sustained attention
ability to hold attention on a single stimulus
orientation
awareness of self, location, time and problem
Note 
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