set 2 whap

Quran

The holy book of Islam, believed by Muslims to be the direct, literal word of God (Allah) revealed to the prophet Muhammad through the Angel Gabriel

Islam

A monotheistic Abrahamic religious founded in the Arabian Penisula in the 7th century CE by the prophet Muhammad, based on submission to the will of Allah.

Shahada

The declaration of belief in one God (Allah) and that Muhammad is his messenger

Salah

Performing ritual prayers five times daily facing Mecca

Zakat

Giving a percentage of wealth to help the poor and needy

Sawn

Fasting during daylight hours in the holy month of Ramadan

Hajj

The pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca, required once in a lifetime for those physically and financially able.

Sunni

Believed the leader should be chosen by consensus among Muslim leaders.

Shi’ite (Shia)

Believed leadership had to remain in Muhammad’s bloodline, beginning with his son in law and cousin, Ali.

Dar al-Islam

House of Islam that refers to world regions where Islam is the dominant faith and Islamic law is practiced under Muslim rule.

Caliph - Abbasid Caliphate

A political and religious leader of the Islamic community.

Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258 CE)

The third Islamic Caliphate, ruling from Baghdad.

House of Wisdom

An intellectual center, academy, and library established in Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate.

Mamluks / Mamluk Sultanate

Enslaved Turkic military soldiers who seized power in Egypt and Syria, establishing their own state (1250-1517 CE)

Selijuqs / Selijuks

Central Asian nomadic Turkic tribes who converted to Sunni Islam and established an empire in the Middle East, ruling with real military power while keeping the Abbasid Caliph as figurehead

Translation Movement

A large effort during the Abbasid Caliphate to translate classical philosophy, math, and science from Green, Persian, and Sanskirit into Arabic

Nasir al Din al Tusi

A prominent 12th century Persian Muslim mathematician, astronomer, and scholar who worked under Mongol patronage.

A’ishah al- Ba’uniyyah

A prominent 15th century Sufi mystic and poet from Damascus, known as one of the most prolific female Arabic writers prior to modern times.

Sufi / Sufism

A mystical branch of Islam focused on a personal, spiritual connection to God, self discipline, and ascetical living rather than strict legalism.

Sharia

The Islamic legal code derived from the Quran and the Hadith that regulates both public government and private moral life.

Harem

A private, secluded area of a royal or wealthy household reserved for wives, concubines, and female family members in Islamic empires.

al Andalus

The Muslim ruled state located on the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages.

Hadith

Recorded collections if the sayings, actions, and approvals of the Prophet Muhammad used for a source to major law and moral guidance.

al Khwarizmi

A mathematician active during the Islamic Golden Age, who produced Arabic-language works in mathematics, astronomy, and geography. “Father of Algebra”

Zubaydah’s Road (Darb Zubaida)

A 1,300 kilometer long pilgrimage and trade route from Iraq to Mecca, named after Empress Zubayda.

Iqta Grant

Islamic administrative that granted military officers tax collection rights over agricultural land for pay and millitary support.