TOA 2

Pre-Design Phase (PD)

Schematic Design Phase (SD)

Design Development Phase (DD)

Construction Documents Phase (CD)

Bidding & Negotiation Phase (BN)

Construction Observation/Contract Administration Phase (CA)

Supplemental Services (SS)

Classic Steps to the Design Process

Pre-Design Phase

Phase where a client identifies a need to accommodate new or expanded activities

Design Program

a written document that spells out the characteristics that the new building must have in order to satisfy the identified needs.

a design brief for the building.

begins with a Problem Statement.

Goals

what the project is trying to accomplish.

Objectives

what the project is trying to achieve.

Design Objective

are statements containing specific aims in how a project shall be designed or planned.

Design Considerations

factors that may influence the achievement of a design objective/s

Design Criteria

includes design principles necessary to create a functional and dynamic structures; standards, norms and conditions the proponent should meet in designing his/her project

Design Requirements

detailed and specific properties that the building must have in order to be successful.

Space List

Design Requirement.

functional areas that are to be provided.

Sizes and Dimensions

Design Requirement.

floor area, critical lengths, heights of spaces.

Proximity Relationships

Design Requirement.

How close spaces are and should and type of access between them.

Fixtures and Fittings

Design Requirement.

Detailed built-in features and equipment required to support the functions of the spaces.

Special Features

Design Requirement.

anything unusual that must be provide in order for the spaces to function properly.

Location.

Neighborhood context.

Size and Zoning.

Infrastructure, social, and political boundaries.

Legal.

Natural physical features.

Manmade features.

Circulation.

Utilities.

Site Analysis Elements

Deed

information such as the property description, present ownership, and the governmental jurisdiction the site is located in, and the city or county.

Schematic Design Phase

phase when there is a search for an essential organizing principle.

idea that will suggest the overall arrangement and form for individual and groups of spaces that makes up the building.

1. Creation of Bubble Diagrams

2. Bubble Diagrams turn to Schematic Plan and Massing Models

3. Studying Massing Model on the site

4. Making Adjustments to the Schematic Plans and Massing Models

Steps in Schematic Design Phase

Design Development Phase

phase where the architect revises the approved design in response to the client's comments and needs.

Schematic design made more detailed.

decisions are made about the materials and methods of construction to be used.

the space plan is worked out in detail.

a cost estimate is prepared.

Contract Documents Phase

phase when working drawings and specifications are produced.

Contract Documents

These documents use a combination of graphics (drawings) and written information (notes, schedules and specifications) describe the building thoroughly and precisely enough that it will be possible to construct it.

Detail Design

design of the many construction details of the building.

Programmatic Concepts

abstract ideas intended mainly as functional solutions to client's performance problems without regard to the physical response.

Design Concepts

refer to the concrete ideas intended as physical solutions to client's architectural problems

Priority

Programmatic Concepts.

evokes questions regarding the ORDER OF IMPORTANCE. (relative position, size, and social value)

reflects how to accomplish a goal based on a ranking of values.

Hierarchy

Programmatic Concepts.

the exercise of authority and is expressed in symbols of authority.

Character

Programmatic Concepts.

the image the client wants to project in terms of values and generic nature of the project.

Density

Programmatic Concepts.

a goal for efficient land or space use, high degrees of interaction, or to respond to harsh climatic conditions - low, medium, high

Grouping

Programmatic Concepts.

Service - centralized or decentralized.

People - physical, social and emotional characteristics of people - individual, small, large.

Home Base

Programmatic Concepts.

territoriality - where a person can maintain his individuality.

Address

Programmatic Concepts.

workspaces.

Fixed - traditional work setting where one person is assigned to a workplace.

Free - designated group or team space assigned for a specific period of time. First-come, first-serve basis.

Group - same as free

Relationships

Programmatic Concepts.

Correct interrelation of spaces promotes efficiencies and effectiveness of people and their activities.

concept of functional affinities.

Communications

Programmatic Concepts.

promote the effective exchange of information or ideas in an organization

Neighbors

Programmatic Concepts.

sociability.

completely dependent or mutual desire to be interdependent to cooperate with neighbors.

Spatial Flow

Programmatic Concepts.

Separated - segregation.

Mixed - multi-directional, multi-purpose. Promote chance and planned encounters.

Sequential - progression of people and things must be carefully planned. Flow- chart diagram.

Accessibility

Programmatic Concepts.

Where to enter.

applies to provisions for the handicapped beyond signs and symbols.

Orientation

Programmatic Concepts.

provide a bearing - point of reference.

Flexibility

Programmatic Concepts.

the building can accommodate growth through expansion.

expansibility, convertibility, and versatility.

Tolerance

Programmatic Concepts.

add space to the program.

particular space tailored precisely for a specific activity.

Safety

Programmatic Concepts.

life safety.

codes and safety precautions for form-giving ideas.

Security Controls

Programmatic Concepts.

depends upon the value of the potential loss - minimum, medium or maximum.

used to protect property and to guide personnel movement.

Energy Conservation

Programmatic Concepts.

energy-efficient.

Environmental Controls

Programmatic Concepts.

Climate, sun angle analysis.

Air temp., light, sound.

Phasing

Programmatic Concepts.

i dont even know what the **** this stupid shit is help me.

Cost Control

Programmatic Concepts.

search for economy ideas that will lead to a realistic preview of costs and a balanced budget to meet the extent of available funds.

Concepts

designer's way of responding to the design situation presented in the program.

derived from the problem analysis.

rudimentary in character.

both require and must embrace further development.

may be product or process oriented and can take place in any stage in the design process.

occur in any scale.

generated from several sources.

have a hierarchal nature.

Functional Zoning

need for adjacency.

Similarity in general role.

Sequence in time.

Required environment.

Types of effects produced.

Relatedness to core activities.

Degree of emergency or critical situations.

Frequency of activity occurrence.

Duration of activities.

Anticipated growth and change.

Space

expressive or aesthetic.

created to express man's structure of his world.

Expressive Space

space done by builders, planners, architects, designers

Aesthetic Space

space studied by architectural theorist and philosophers.

Architectural Space

concretization of man's existential space

Euclidian Space

space that is three dimensional geometry.

- building systems

- space frames

- utopian city planning

- divisions and partitions

Physical Space

Theory on the Psychology and Perception of Space.

Fruin's body ellipse (.29 sqm)

No touch zone (.65 sqm)

comfort zone (1.067 sqm)

Anthropometrics to Ergonometrics.

Sensory Perception

Theory on the Psychology and Perception of Space.

Olfactory (nose)

Temperature (skin/feeling)

Acoustics (ears)

Lighting (eyes/visual)

Space within a space

Space to Space relationships.

a set of a larger space and a secondary space.

a space/form as a free standing object with separate functions

Interlocking Space

Space to Space relationships.

interlocking portion can: merge with one of the spaces and become an integral part of its volume, develop its own integrity that serves to link the two original spaces.

Adjacent Spaces

Space to Space relationships.

limit visual access between two spaces.

appear as a free standing plane in a single volume.

defined as a row of columns but allows high degree of visual and spatial continuity between two spaces.

be merely implied with a change in level or surface articulation between two spaces.

Spaces Linked by a common space

Space to Space relationships.

intermediate space can: differ in form and orientation to express its linking function, be equivalent in shape and size and forming a linear sequence of spaces, links distant spaces, be a large dominating space organizing a number of spaces about itself, be determined by the forms and orientation of the spaces being linked or related.

Forming Space.

Spatial Qualities.

Scale Types.

Scalar Flexibility.

Tailored Space.

Anonymous Space.

Inside Outside Space.

Division of Space.

Door placement circulation and use zones.

Circulation as a space.

Multiuse of space.

Dealing with residual space.

Natural lighting.

Artificial lighting.

Architectural Space Concepts

Semantics

study of meanings

Architectural semantics

architectural meanings

Indexial sign

type of signs.

relation between a signifier and the signified (arrows indicate direction)

Iconic signs

type of signs.

an object denoted by a characteristics

Symbolic signs

type of signs.

arbitrary relation between the signifier and the signified (associated)

Symbolism

basic strategy of perception based on learning and heredity.

an object or phenomenon which has meaning, evokes emotional reaction.

Expression

architectural expression.

visual expression of function.

-ism suffix

doctrine or philosophy.

theory developed by an individual.

political movement.

artistic movement.

action, processor practice.

characteristic, quality or origin.

state or condition.

excess or disease.

prejudice or bias.

characteristic speech patterns.

religion or belief system.

Mannerism

Refers to the manipulation of styles or forms achieved by the learned juxtaposition of elements for the exclusive aim of achieving originality or effect

"Te Palace" by Giulio Romano - Mantova, Italy

example of Mannerism

Eclecticism

usually applied to any building that incorporates a mixture of the historical styles.

The Palace of Beloselskiye

example of Eclecticism

Structuralism

Iron construction that was initiated by Joseph Paxton's Crystal Palace that brought about a trend in architecture.

Crystal Palace by Sir Joseph Paxton

example of Structuralism

Monumentalism

(from Adolf Loos) "the form of an object should last" & that implicitly there are some forms which have eternal validity.

Chicago Tribune Tower by Raymond Hood and John Mead Howells

example of Monumentalism

Radicalism

Marked a radical shift in emphasis from the buildings of the past to the design of those which met the demands of modern life like those of Henry van de Velde and Walter Gropius

Fagus Factory by Gropius

example of Radicalism

Constructivism

was a movement that was active from 1915 to the 1940's. It was a movement created by the Russian avant-garde, but quickly spread to the rest of the continent.

Constructivist Art

is committed to complete abstraction with a devotion to modernity, where themes are often geometric, experimental and rarely emotional.

Monument to the Third International by Vladimir Tatlin

example of Constructivism

Expressionism

describes the work of those architects who prefigured the International & Functionalist Period of the Modern Movement.

Einstein Tower by Erich Mendelsohn

example of Expressionism

Futurism

"is the architecture of calculation, of audacity & simplicity; the architecture of reinforced concrete, of iron, of glass........& all those substitutes for wood, stone & brick which make possible maximum elasticity & lightness."

Neoplasticism

the theory of pure plastic art which had a pronounced influence on Dutch architects. It consisted in the exclusive use of the right angle in a horizontal position, & the use of the 3 primary colors contrasted with or incorporating in various canvasses the 3 non- colors: white, black & gray.

Schroeder House in Utrecht by Gerrit Rietveld

example of Neoplasticism

L'Ecole de Beaux Arts (Paris)

The style turned to Gothic revival due to its brevity, idealism, heroism, and picturesqueness. Verticality was the trend.

Eiffel Tower

example of L'Ecole de Beaux Arts

De Stijl (The Style)

Founded by Van Doesburg.

"construct without any illusion, without any decoration".

broke away from naturalism and historicism and by appealing to abstraction as the means of expressing a universal synthesis of modern times.

Rietveld-Schröderhuis by Gerrit Rietveld

example of De Stijl

Bauhaus (building house)

was the nerve center of artistic experiment during the 1920s & it became internationally known through its publications & exhibitions & also through the work of its architect heads who were in the front line of the European avant garde.

a school of art & design founded in 1919 by Walter Gropius.

Bauhaus Building in Dessau by Walter Gropius

example of Bauhaus

CIAM (Congres Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne) & International Modernism

This organization was set up by Le Corbusier & Siegfried Giedion.

Villa Savoye, Poissy, Paris

example of CIAM (Congres Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne) & International Modernism

International Style

"Ready-made style" imported from the U. S.

Park Avenue, New York

example of International Style

Team X

Formed by a rebellious group of young Turks who contested the principles of modern architecture for the same reasons CIAM had

attacked the past.

Joan Joseph Bakerna (Holland)

part of Team X.

unite the personal freedom with the total environment Shadrach Wood (U.S.)- from cell house to mass housing which results in desolation.

Aldo van Eyck (Holland)

part of Team X.

architects left no cracks or crevices; made a flat surface of everything

UC Berkeley's Wurster Hall

example of Team X

Organicism

architecture that sympathizes with its environment which is shown in the early work of Frank Lloyd Wright &

the Prairie School.

very antithesis of the geometrical organized facadism of those architects who believe that architecture should intrude on the environment in the Classic, Neo- Classic & Gothic sense.