AP bio 8.1-8.2

+/- SEM x2

standard error of the mean. Helps scientists become 95% confident by presenting range in data.

Catabolic pathways

Metabolic pathways that release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones

Anabolic/biosynthetic pathways

metabolic pathways that consume energy by building up molecules from simple to complex

Bioenergetics

the study of how energy flows through living organisms

Energy

The capacity to cause change

Kinetic energy

Energy associated with the movement of objects.

Thermal energy

kinetic energy associated with random movements. Transfer of heat

Heat

The energy that is transferred between objects that are at different temperatures, typically moving from hotter to cooler objects.

Potential energy

System is unmoving. Energy from position or arrangement within a system.

Chemical energy

potential energy from the release of chemical reactions

1st law of thermodynamics

Energy can be transformed or transferred but not created nor destroyed

thermodynamics

study of energy transformations

2nd law of thermodynamics

Energy transformations increase entropy

entropy

a measure of molecular disorder

spontaneous process

a process that leads to an increase in entropy, and it can continue without requiring an input of energy

spontaneous

energetically favorable

free energy

portion of a systems energy that works when temperature and pressure are the same

exergonic reaction

free energy is released (spontaneous)

endergonic reaction

absorbs free energy (not spontaneous)