Vision and Visual Processing

Blind Spot

Area where optic nerve exits, no photoreceptors.

Visual Processing

Brain interprets visual information, may distort reality.

Inverted Images

Images perceived upside down by the brain.

Retina

Neuronal layer at the back of the eye.

Cornea

Outermost layer of the eye, protects and refracts light.

Lens

Refractive surface focusing light onto the retina.

Pupil

Regulates light entry into the eye.

Cataracts

Clouding of lens due to biochemical changes.

Presbyopia

Loss of lens flexibility with aging.

Glaucoma

Increased intraocular pressure damaging optic nerve.

Macula

Central area of retina, responsible for detailed vision.

Fovea

Center of macula, high acuity and color vision.

Optic Disk

Blind spot where retinal axons exit the eye.

Neural Retina

Layer containing five types of neurons for vision.

Photoreceptors

Cells (rods and cones) detecting light and color.

Retinal Ganglion Cells

Neurons transmitting visual information to the brain.

Binocular Vision

Two eyes provide depth perception and field of view.

Human Vision

Active brain process focusing on edges and contrast.

Color Vision

Requires two photoreceptor types for spectrum detection.

Long Term Memory

Reconstructs visual experiences using brain's neural pathways.

Duality of Gaze

People focus on eyes when they can't look back.