Cardiac Physiology Review

Flashcards based on Cardiac Physiology lecture notes.

What are the three layers of the heart wall?

Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium

What is the function of the atria?

Reservoirs

What is the function of the ventricles?

Pumps

Name the three components affecting Cardiac Output?

Heart Rate, Stroke Volume and Intrinsic Factors

What are the components of Stroke Volume?

Preload, Afterload and Contractility

Define Preload.

Volume of blood present in the ventricle after passive and active filling.

Define Afterload.

Pressure that must be exceeded for ejection of blood from ventricles to occur.

Define Contractility.

Strength of contraction of individual myocardial fibres (Inotropy).

State the Frank-Starling Mechanism.

More EDV = More Preload = More SV = More Forceful Contraction

Name three extrinsic systems that alter rate and force of contraction for the heart.

Parasympathetic Nervous System, Sympathetic Nervous System, Endocrine System

During exercise, Cardiac Output increases in direct proportion to what?

Metabolic rate required to perform the task.

What is the equation for VO2 Max?

Oxygen Delivery x Oxygen Extraction

What are the two components of Oxygen Delivery?

Cardiac Output and a-vO2 Difference

What are the two components of Cardiac Output?

Heart Rate and Stroke Volume

Give three factors that influence diastolic filling?

Venous return, Filling pressure and Diastolic function.

Systolic pressures increase in proportion to what?

Intensity of exercise

What is the Morganroth Hypothesis?

Type of cardiac structural adaptations is related to type of exercise (endurance vs. resistance).

Endurance based exercise leads to which type of adaptation?

Eccentric

Resistance based exercise leads to which type of adaptation?

Concentric