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Who are the Gram-Positive Cocci?
Staphylococcaceae, Micrococcaceae, Streptococcaceae
Staphye means?
Bunch of grapes
What are the color of Staphylococcus when viewed in the microscope?
Purple
NON-MOTILE or MOTILE. Staphylococcus
Non-motile
Staphylococcus are halophilic at what percentage of NaCl?
7.5%
POSTIVE OR NEGATIVE. Catalase of Staphylococcus
POSITIVE
POSTIVE OR NEGATIVE. Modified oxidase of Staphylococcus
Negative
Staphylococcus are ______ to 0.04 units of _________
Resistant; bacitracin
TRUE or FALSE. Staphylococcus are known to be Glucose oxidizers.
FALSE
TRUE or FALSE. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus albus, as well as Staphylococcus haemolyticus are known to be chromogenic
FALSE
“Aureus” means?
Gold
The color of the colonies of S. albus
Porcelain white
Micrococcus are known to be Glucose __________
Oxidizers
TRUE OR FALSE. Micrococcus are modified oxidase positive
TRUE
Micrococcus are _____________ to 0.04 units of ____________
Susceptible; bacitracin
Which of the medically-important Staphylococcus spp. is the only coagulase positive
Staphylococcus aureus
TRUE or FALSE. The 5 medically-important staphylococcus spp. are S. aureus, S. lugdunensis, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, and S. hyicus
FALSE
This animal pathogen is coagulase positive and is very rarely recovered among humans.
Staphylococcus intermedius
The most virulent species of Staphylococci
Staphylococcus aureus
Enzyme that clots plasma
Coagulase
Can cause lysis of clot
Fibrinolysin/Staphylokinase
Lysis of clot
Fibrinolysis
Acts on lipids present in the skin
Lipase
Hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid present in connective tissues allowing spread of bacteria
Hyaluronidase/Duran Reynal Factor
This acts to hydrolyze DNA
DNAse/Deoxyribonuclease/Thermonuclease
Present in bacterial cell wall and has protective effect against IgG
Protein A
Can cause hemolysis/destruction of RBC
Hemolysin
Causes non-specific membrane toxicity
Alpha and delta
Beta hemolytic pattern is enhances is the culture media is incubated at ___________ after which is at ____________
37 degree Celsius; 4 degree Celsius
Causes lysis of WBC
Gamma/Leukocidin/Panton Valentine
This is associated with food poisoning
Enterotoxin
New name of Enterotoxin F
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1 or Pyrogenic Exotoxin C
_________ is known to cause Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome/Reiter’s syndrome. It is also associated with ___________
Epidermolytic toxin/Exfoliative toxin/Exfoliatin; Bullous impetigo
Staphylococcus aureus are generally resistant against penicillin because they have an enzyme called?
Beta lactamase
What does beta-lactamase destroy in penicillin?
Beta-lactam ring
S. aureus us the normal flora of?
Anterior nares and nasopharynx
This is a disease that is caused by the bacteria itself
Non-toxin Mediated Disease
This is a disease caused by the toxin produced by S. aureus
Toxin-Mediated Disease
Which of the following are not part of the Non-Toxin Mediated Diseases:
A. Skin, Soft tissue and wound infections
B. Meningitis
C. Staphylococcal pseudomembraneous enterocolitis
D. UTI
E. Scalded Skin Syndrome
LETTER ONLY
C and E
Pus filled mild inflammation of hair follicles or oil glands
Folliculitis
Extension of folliculitis
Furuncle/Oils
Multiple furuncle
Carbuncle
Large fluid filled lesions that is caused by S. aureus
Bullous impetigo
Non-bullous impetigo/impetigo contagiosa is caused by?
Streptococcus pyogenes
Bullous impetigo or Non-bullous impetigo. Which is known to be more contagious?
Non-bullous impetigo
Inflammation of the oil gland on the edge of the eyelid
Stye
Associated with open skull fracture
Meningitis
Associated with open bone fracture
Osteomyelitis
Food poisoning that is associated with Enterotoxin A, B, and D
Staphylococcal food-poisoning
Food poisoning that is associated with Enterotoxin B
Staphylococcal pseudomembraneous enterocolitis
This is manifested in having high grade fever, scarltiniform rashes as well as hypotension
Toxic Shock Syndrome
TRUE OR FALSE. Epidermolytic toxin is associated with the use of high absorbent tampons
FALSE
Manifested as having erythema/redness and exfoliative dematitis
Scalded Skin Syndrome/Reiter’s syndrome
What is the M/C cause of wound infection?
Staphylococcus aureus
Non-toxin mediated diseases are what type of infection?
Pyogenic/ suppurative infection
This bacteria is associated with nosocomial bacteremia, nosocomial UTI, as well as endocarditis
Staphylococcus epidermidis
It is the normal flora of the skin
Staphylococcus epidermidis
What are 2 most common Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus
Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Staphylococcus epidermidis has a slime layer which is made up of?
Polygamma DL-glutamic acid
This is associated with UTI among sexually active young females
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
S. saprophyticus is the normal flora or?
Female genitalia and perineum
This is the 2nd leading cause of cystitis among women
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Associated with endocarditis, septicemia, meningitis, and UTI
Staphylococcus lugdunensis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus
Staphylococcus lugdunensis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus has what type of gene that makes them resistant to methicillin, oxacillin, nafcillin
Mec A Gene
These are rarely implicated with human infections
Micrococcus species
Micrococcus species is the normal flora of?
Human skin, mucosa, and oropharynx
TRUE or FALSE. Micrococcus are strict aerobe which requires them to have 50% oxygen
FALSE
All micrococcus species are strict aerobe except for?
Micrococcus kristinae (Kocuria kristinae)
Micrococcus species are inherently resistant to what drugs?
Furazolidone and lysostaphin
Best temp to grow S. aureus is at?
37 degree celsius
Pigment production of S. aureus is best when it is incubated at what degrees?
20-25 degree celsius
GRAM STAIN. Staphylococci are gram positive cocci in?
Cluster/singly/pairs
GRAM STAIN. Micrococcus are gram positive cocci in?
Tetrads
What is the reagent for catalase testing
3% Hydrogen Peroxide
With catalase test, hydroden peroxide is broken down into?
H2O and O2
Positive in catalase test produces?
Bubbling formation/effervescence
Positive in catalase test indicates what bacteria present?
Staphylococcus or Micrococcus
Negative reaction for catalase indicates what bacteria present?
Streptococcus
In performing catalase testing, where should you NEVER get colonies from?
Blood Agar Plate (5% Sheep’s Agar Blood)
Blood Agar Plate has a component wherein it can mimic the action of catalase which can cause false positive staphylococcus/micrococcus
Pseudoperoxidase
Other strains of Staphylococcus aureus does not possess this type of coagulase
a. Cell bound
b. Free coagulase
c. Extracellular coagulase
d. Clumping factor
e. Staphylocoagulase
LETTER ONLY
A and D
To detect the presence of cell bound, the coagulase test we use is ___________ which is a type of SCREENING coagulase test
Slide coagulase test
Positive in clumping factor indicates what bacteria present?
Staphylococcus aureus
In preparing screening coagulase test, what is the ONLY anticoagulant that should be used?
EDTA
All Staphylococcus aureus possess this type of coagulase
a. Staphylocoagulase
b. Free coagulase
c. Clumping factor
d. Extracellular coagulase
e. Cell bound
LETTER ONLY
A, B, D
To detect the presence of free coagulase, the coagulase test we use is ________, which is the CONFIRMATORY coagulase test
Tube Coagulase Test
Negative reaction for free coagulase indicates the presence of which bacteria?
CoNS/Micrococcus
Mannitol Salt Agar is a selective media for?
Staphylococcus and Micrococcus
Mannitol Salt Agar is a differential media for?
Staphylococcus aureus from other species of Staphylococcus
Mannitol in MSA is considered as?
Carbohydrate
pH indicator of MSA is?
Phenol red
Color of media in MSA is?
Pink/Reddish pink
If the pH of the culture media becomes acidic , it will turn?
Yellow
S. aureus or CoNS. Which bacteria is mannitol fermenter?
S. aureus
In S. aureus, the media will change from color __________ due to acidity
Red to yellow
S. aureus or CoNS. Which bacteria is non mannitol fermenter?
CoNS
Which bacteria is halophilic, non-mannitol fermenters; The media remains the same because they are non-mannitol fermenters
CoNS and Micrococcus species
Media used in DNase
DNAse agar
Which indicator in DNase shows the clear zone surrounding the colonies
Methyl green
Which indicator in DNase shows the pink zone surrounding the colonies
Toluidine blue