BIOMED FINAL

what is a physiatrist

a physician specialized in restoring function lost due to injury illness or disability

what are the six muscle rules?

muscles having to attachments, pulling the contract working in opposing pairs, crossing joints, and moving the insertion towards the origin with fibers, indicating pulled direction

how are muscles named?

using Latin/Greek roots based on their size shape, location, action, attachments, number of origins or fiber direction

original vs insertion

Origin is typically the fixed stable attachment while insertion is movable attachment that pulls towards the origin during contraction usually farther away

what is an atrophy in how occur?

A trophy is a wasting away or decreasing size of body tissue, most commonly muscle, resulting from lack of use nerve imaging itching or disease, causing weakness and loss of function as cells breakdown and shrink due to insufficient stimulation or nutrients

how is physical therapy different from occupational therapy

OT focuses on enabling daily living by helping people do meaningful activities, adapt and test environment for dependence while physical therapy, concentrates on improvement, movement, strength, balance, and mobility

what is electromyogram

measures electrical activity and muscles in their nerves to diagnose, weakness or pain using needles or surface electrodes

how is EMG different from EKG?

EMG focuses on skeletal muscles and peripheral nerves while Ekici focuses on her muscle using different techniques

muscle fatigue what is it? What causes it?

most of fatigue is when a muscle that were initially generally a normal amount of force than experience, a decline ability to generate force it can be a result of vigorous exercise, but abnormal fatigue may be caused by barriers two or inference with the differences of muscle construction

how to overcome muscle fatigue

Prioritize rest, proper hydration, and nutrient

Ball and socket joint

hip and shoulder

hinge joint example

elbow knee fingers and toes

saddle joint examples

thumb

Plane joints

gliding joints, limited gliding in sliding often in one plane very little rotation

hinge joints

One plane flexion and extension like a door hinge

pivot joints

Unique axle rotation around an axis like turning your head

condyloid joints

Two planes flexion and extension abduction, abduction, circumduction

saddle joints

by Axel allowing more freedom than condyloid flexion extension, abduction, abduction, opposition

ball and socket joints

multiaxial most extensive range allowing movement in all planes flexing extension abduction adduction rotation circumduction

tendons vs ligaments

ligaments connect bone to bone, providing joint ability while tendons connect muscle to bone enabling movement

ROMS

The books that HO can move from bending flexion to straightening extension and rotation measured in degrees

rotation vs circumfuction

rotation is a single turning movement on one axis circuit diction involves multiple planes in combines several movements and sequences for White Ark

abduction vs adduction

moves a body part away from midline think like a way like lifting your arms to the side while abduction brings it towards them in line think add like brings your arm back down or crossing your legs

depression vs elevation

elevation means moving up like raising shoulders are looking up while depression is moving down like dropping shoulders are looking down

flexion vs extension

flexion decreases the angle between body parts be bringing them closer to like bending your elbow while extension increases the angle, straightening moving them apart, like straightening your leg

Plantarflexion versus Doris flexion

Doris flexing is lifting your foot and toes upward towards her shin, decreasing the angle at the ankle, crucial for clearing the ground when walking while plant is pointing your foot and toes downward away from you like pressing a gas pedal or sitting on tippy toes essential for pushing off

what are three types of cartilage and where is it found in the body?

Highline, fibrocartilage and elastic halogen found in the ends of long bones nose, Lorax trachea and rib cage fibrocartilage found in the spine elastic found in the ear or in the throat

two ways the elbow is different from the human elbow

The structure like the radius and owner being separate in humans, but fuse and cows, and then the thickness with animal bones, often being denser than humans

what is hyper mobility

joints move beyond the normal range often called double jointed due to looser ligaments commonly in elbows

what is hyerextension

when a joint bend or stretches beyond its normal safe range of motion often from a sudden force in sports falls or accidents, leading to pain, swelling, inability, and potential damage to ligaments

joint cavity vs joint capsule

joint capsule is the fibrous sleeve like structure that encloses a joint while the joint cavity is the space within the capsule that contains synovial fluid

what and where are the condos of the bone?

A condo is a smooth, rounded bony prominence at the end of the bone that forms part of the joint

what is a commuter and what is it used for

a device that measures an angle or permits the rotation of an object to a definite position

orthopedic surgeon and what do they do

a medical doctor specializing in the musculoskeletal system they diagnose treat and prevent conditions

what are mechanoreceptors

a sense organ that responds to mechanical stimuli such as touch or sound

what is the purpose of kinesiology tape

is used to support muscles/joints relieve pain swelling improve circulation and aid recovery from injuries

function of LCL

as a key stabilizer on the outer side of the knee prevents knees from bending too far outward and stopping excessive outward rotation

what is the function of MCL

to stabilize the inner knee prevent it from bending inward and resisting twist or rotational forces

function of ACL

provide crucial stability to the knee by preventing the shin bone from sliding too far forward under thigh bone by limiting excessive rotational movements

Function of PCL

main stabilizer to prevent the tibia from sliding too far backward relative to the femur and also resisting twisting and buckling allowing for normal walking

Function of bones

provide strucu support protect organs enable movements with muscles store minerals and produce blood cells in marrow

anterior drawer test

is a physical exam maneuver primarily for the need to check the anterior cruciate ligament ACL injury by assessing the tibia slides too far forward

posterior drawer test

A physical exam over to check for a torn serial cruise ligament PCL and the knee performed by flexing the need to 90° hip-hop 45 and pushing the tibia backward

valguss stress test

is a physical exam maneuver primarily for the knee and elbow that checks were damaged to the MCL by applying in Word force to open the inside of the joint, revealing painter excessive gapping that indicates a sprinter tear

varus stress test

A clinical examination for the knee or elbow that checks were inability or injury to the limit on the outside lateral part of the joint, practically for the lateral Colorado ligament LCL in the knee