Health unit 2 aos1

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the stages of the human lifespan, the four types of development, and healthy relationship characteristics based on lecture notes.

Development

A series of orderly and predictable changes that occur from fertilisation until death, which can be physical, social, emotional, or intellectual.

The Human Lifespan

The amount of time a person is alive, starting at conception and ending at death.

Prenatal Stage

The lifespan stage from conception to birth, characterized by rapid growth and development of organs and body systems.

Infancy

The lifespan stage from birth to $2$ years where a child learns to crawl, walk, and talk.

Early Childhood

The lifespan stage from $2-6$ years where an individual develops fine and gross motor skills.

Late Childhood

The lifespan stage from $6-12$ years involving improved logical thinking, greater independence, and steady growth.

Youth

The lifespan stage from $12-18$ years characterized by puberty and increasing emotional independence.

Early Adulthood

The lifespan stage from $18-40$ years where the body reaches its physical peak and individuals make career and life partner decisions.

Middle Adulthood

The lifespan stage from $40-65$ years involving career stability, financial security, and child-rearing.

Late Adulthood

The lifespan stage from $65+$ years characterized by retirement, grief from the death of friends or spouse, and a decline in functioning.

Physical Development

Refers to changes that occur to the body and its systems, including growth, motor skill development, and changes in complexity or decline.

Growth

Organs and body systems increasing in size, occurring fastest during the prenatal stage and youth.

Changes to Body Systems

Involves changes in structure and function, such as baby teeth being replaced by permanent teeth or the hardening of bones.

Physical Peak

Generally occurring in the $20s-30s$, after which body systems gradually decline by about $0.5-2\%$ per year.

Motor Skills Development

The control of muscles, divided into gross motor skills (large muscle groups) and fine motor skills (small muscle groups).

Gross Motor Skills

Large muscle movements such as walking, running, throwing, and kicking.

Fine Motor Skills

Small muscle movements such as writing, tying shoelaces, and speaking.

Epiphyseal Plates

Also known as growth plates, which fuse by the end of youth, after which no further height growth occurs.

Primary Sex Characteristics

Organs directly involved in reproduction that are present at birth but develop during puberty.

Secondary Sex Characteristics

Physical changes that occur during puberty but are not directly involved in reproduction, such as hips widening or shoulders broadening.

Social Development

Refers to the increasing complexity of behavioral patterns used in relationships with other people, including roles and communication skills.

Emotional Development

Relates to experiencing the full range of emotions, developing a self-concept, and building resilience.

Self-Concept

How you see yourself, including your skills, capabilities, and beliefs, which contributes to the development of identity.

Resilience

The ability to effectively deal with adverse or negative situations that occur throughout life using coping skills.

Intellectual Development

Refers to the increase in complexity of processes in the brain, including thought, knowledge, memory, and language.

Abstract Thinking

The ability to think about ideas and concepts that are non-tangible.

Concrete Thought

A simple thought process that centers on objects and the physical environment.

Authoritative Parenting

A style characterized by warmth and support, where parents set clear roles and boundaries and use consequences over punishment.

Authoritarian Parenting

A style involving strict rules, punishment, and little discussion, which can result in lower self-esteem and poor problem-solving.

Permissive Parenting

A style where parents act like friends, provide little discipline, and have few rules.

Uninvolved Parenting

A style where parents show little interest or support, potentially failing to meet a child's basic needs.

Healthy Relationship

A connection characterized by respect, trust, honesty, loyalty, empathy, safety, equality, and effective communication.