Growth and Development of Arthropods

chitin

Cuticular exoskeleton is made of a protein + polysaccharide called —

cuticular exoskeleton

— is made of a protein + polysaccharide called chitin

protein + polysaccharide

Cuticular exoskeleton is made of a — called chitin

epicuticle

exocuticle

endocuticle

cuticular exoskeleton is divided into:

epicuticle

thin, waxy outercoat

exocuticle

thick mid-layer of chitin

endocuticle

thin innermost layer of chitin

ecdysis / molting

After every —, the exocuticle undergoes sclerotization(hardening)

sclerotization (hardening)

After every ecdysis (“molting”), the exocuticle undergoes —

stadia

life stages

egg

life stages or stadia starts off with what

instars (larva or nymphs)

Life stages (stadia) starts off with an egg, then consist of morphologically distinct —

imago / adult

Life stages (stadia) starts off with an egg, then consist of morphologically distinct instars (larva or nymphs), and into the —

oviparous

not all arthropods lay eggs called —

viviparous or ovoviviparous

Not all arthropods lay eggs (called oviparous); some are —

hemimetabolous

holometabolous

what are the 2 types of metamorphosis

hemimetabolous

what is the simple metamorphosis

holometabolous

what is the complex and complete metamorphosis

obtectate

exarate

coarctate

what are the three types of pupal stages for holometabolous arthropods:

obtectate

appendages closely attached to body

obtectate

encapsulated by a membrane

Nematocerans and Brachycerans

obtectate can be seen in —

exarate

free appendages

exarate

not encapsulated

Siphonapterans

exarate can be seen in

coarctate

A type of exarate pupa, but enclosed in the hardened cuticle of the last larval instar (puparium)

Cyclorrhaphans

coarctate can be seen in —