Chapter 12 Romanesque

Romanesque Architecture

Based off Roman architecture with thick stone walls, round arches, and barrel vaulted ceilings

Plimgrimages

A trip to see reliquary or a sacred place, often for religious or spiritual purposes

Relics

an objec or body part of a saint, preserved and venerated for religions 

Reliquary

Is the jeweled container of relic

The Crusades

Christian military campaigns in the Middle East

Quadrant Arch

An arch in the shape of a quarter circle

Radiating Chapels

Support the main apse dome and holds other relics and used for fundraising  

Basilica Plan

A rectangular architectural style with a central nave, side aisles, and an apse at one or both sides

Tympanum

Semi circle above the door

Lintel

Right above the door

Trumeau

center post separating two doors

Jambs

Sides of the door

Crossing Square/Crossing Tower

Where the nave and transept cross and is the base measurement for the entire structure 

Durham Cathedral

Crucial transitional monument from the Romanesque to the Gothic style, notable for its massive scale, innovative rib vaults, and intricate stone carvings  

Gislebertus

French Romanesque sculptor famous for his work the Last Judgement Tympanum at the Cathedral of Saint-Lazare 

Bayeux Tapestry

A Romanesque art masterpiece from the 11th century that chronicles the Normandy conquest of England in 1066 

William the Conquror, Duke of Normandy

Duke of Normandy who invaded and conquered England in 1066

Buttresses

rectangular projection out of the wall used to support the columns 

Rounded Arch

semicircle that supports weight from above

Barrel Vault

Hallway/extended rounded arch

Groin Vault

Two barrel vaults intersecting and has a x shaped formation 

Vault Ribbing

An Architectural technique that uses a framework of intersecting arched ribs to support a vaulted ceiling, creating a web-like pattern 

Italian Cathedral Complex

A large interconnected architectural ensemble centered around a cathedral, typically including a separate bell tower, a baptistery, and often a cemetery or other related buildings  

Sain-Sernin

Romanesque Pilgrimage church, using a Basilica Plan 

Master Hugo

Leding English figure of English Romanesque art in the 12th century known for his work on the Bury Bible and was a lay artist at Bury St Edmunds Abbe 

Eadwine the Scribe

Monk and manuscript artist known for a famous self-portrait within the Eadwine Psalter, an lavishly illustrated manuscript 

Last Judgment Scene

A visual depiction of the Christian belief in the end of time, when Jesus judges humanity to decide who goes to heaven and who is sent to hell 

Pentecost and Mission of the Apostilles tympanum

Romanesque-era stone carving over a church entrance depicting Jesus (Holy Spirit) commanding his disciples to go out and convert people to Christianity