Unit 0 AP Psychology flash cards

Study or else you'll fail, will be updated over time

Overconfidence

We think we know more than we do, more confident then correct

Hindsight Bias

the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it.

Confirmation Bias

the tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence

Experimenter Bias

bias caused when researchers may unintentionally influence results to confirm their own beliefs.

Social desirability bias

bias from people’s responding in ways they presume a researcher expects or wishes

Self-report bias

bias when people report their behavior inaccurately

Experiment

a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable)

Case Study

a non-experimental technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

Correlation

a measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other

Meta-analysis

a statistical procedure for analyzing the results of multiple studies to reach an overall conclusion

Naturalistic observation

a non-experimental technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation

Independent variable

in an experiment, the factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.

Dependent variable

in an experiment, the outcome that is measured; the variable that may change when the independent variable is manipulated.

Random assignment

assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between the different groups

Experimental group

in an experiment, the group exposed to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable.