MYCOLOGY AND G+ BACTERIA REVIEW

What form of dermatophyte

Macroconidia on cultures

Arthrospores infectious forms

What is caused by dermatophytes

Dermatophytosis

What does dermatophytosis cause

Circular alopecic lesions, erythema, scaling

What type of conidia in aspergillus spp

Phialoconidia

What is caused by aspergillus fumigatus

guttural pouch mycosis

What clinical signs of guttural pouch mycosis

Epistaxis, dysphagua, laryngeal hemiplegia

What fungus is candida albicans

Yeast

What morphology of candida albicans

polymorphic

Main virulence factor candida albicans

Phenotypic switching

What kind of fungus is cryptococcus neoformans

Yeast

Morphology of cryptococcus neoformans

Round to oval budding cells

Main virulence factor of cryptococcus neoformans

Capsule and phenol oxidase

What kind of fungus is malassezia pachydermatis

yeast

Morphology malassezia

Shoe shaped

Clinical signs of candida albicans

Lesions in oral cavity, GI tract, urogenital tract, cutaneous lesions…

Clinical signs cryptococcus neoformans

Nasal swelling, CNS signs, nasal granulomas, cutaneous lesions, pneumonia 

Clinical signs of malassezia pachydermatis

Otitis externa, seborrheic dermatitis, acne…

What kind of fungus is blastomyces dermatidis

Dimorphic fungus

Mould form and yeast form of blastomyces dermatitis

Mould - septate hyphae with conidia

Yeast - broad based budding cells 

Clinical signs of blastomyces dermatitidis

Chronic cough, fever, weight loss, draining skin lesions, ocular lesions

What kind of fungus is histoplasma capsulatum

Dimorphic fungus

Mould and yeast form of histoplasma capsulatum

Mould - septate hyphae with small conidia and sunflower macroconidia

Yeast - small oval budding yeast cells in macrophages 

Clinical signs of histoplasma capsulatum

Chronic cough, dyspnea, depression, fever, loss of weight, diarrhea, intestinal ulcers

What special cytology feature would you see in histoplasma capsulatum

Macrophages with yeast cells with halos

What kind of fungus is histoplasma farciminosum

Dirmophic fungus

Mould and yeast form of histoplasma farciminosum

Mould - septate hyphae with small conidia and sunflower macroconidia

Yeast - small oval budding yeast cells in macrophages 

Clinical signs of histoplasma farciminosum

Swelling and nodular thickening of lymphatic vessels along limbs, pus and lymphocutaneous lesions

What kind of fungus is coccicoides immitis

Dimorphic fungus

Mould and yeast form of coccicoides immitis

Mould - septate hyphae which fragment into arthroconidia with arthrospores

Yeast - mature spherules are filled with endospores and are found in tissues 

Clinical signs of coccicoides immitis

Cough, skin lesions, nasal granulomas, pulmonary and cutaneous forms

What kind of fungus is sporothric schenckii

Dimorphic fungus

Mould and yeast form of sprotothric schenckii

Mould - septate hyphae with conidiophores bearing conidia

Yeast - cigar shaped pleomorphic budding yeast cells 

Clinical signs of sporothric schenckii

Horses have yellow discharge and subcutaneous edemas

Cats will have nodular skin lesions on face, tail, limbs 

Dogs will have crusted alopecic lesions over head and trunk 

What is aflatoxicosis caused by

Aflatoxin B1

Clinical signs of aflatoxicosis

Ataxia, tremors, hepatopathy

What is mycotoxic leukoencephalomalacia caused by

Fumonisin B1

What does mycotoxic leukoencephalomalacia affect

horses, donkeys and mules 

Clinical signs of mycotoxic leukoencephalomalacia

difficulty swallowing, circling, staggering, blindness, depression, sudden death

What is porcine pulmonary edema caused by

Fumonisin B1

Clinical signs of porcine pulmonary edema

Laboured breathing, cyanosis, weakness, abortions

What is ergotism caused by

Ergotamine

What does ergotism cause

Gangrene of ears, tail and hooves

Lameness, cold extremities 

What is facial ezcema caused by

Sporidesmin

What does sporidesmin do

Red swollen crusted skin on light coloured areas

What causes mycotoxic oestrogenism

Zearalenone

Clinical signs of mycotoxic oestrogenism

Vulvar swelling, redness, elargement, prolapse, infertility

What causes tremorgenic mycotoxicosis

Penitrem A

Clinical signs of tremorgenic mycotoxicosis

Tremors, rigidity, seizures, collapse, fainting

Morphology of staphylococcus

What causes staphyloccoccal mastitis

Staphylococcus aureus

What causes staphylococcal dermatitis

Staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus pseudointermedius

Clinical signs of staphylococcal dermatitis

Pustules, crusts, alopecia, redness, itching

What causes greasy pig disease

Staphylococcus hyicus

Clinical signs of greasy pig disease

greasy lesions of face, ears, body

Crusts dehydration, death

Staphylococcus hemolysis

Aureus - beta

Pseudointermedius - beta 

Hricus - no

Biochemical tests staphylococcus 

Catalase - BUBBLES → positive 

Oxidase - no colour change → negative

Morphology strepcoccocus 

Which 3 streptococcus cause bovine streptococcal mastitis

Strep agalatiae, strep dysgalactiae, strep uberis

What is strangles caused by

Streptococcus equi

Strangles clinical signs

Discharge of URT, abseccesion of head and neck lymph nodes

What is porcine streptococcosis caused by 

Strep suis

Clinical signs streptococcus suis

Meningitis, tilted head, convulsions, arthritis, abortions, endocarditis, pneumonia

Clinical signs streptococcus canis

Skin and soft tissue infections, septicemia, pneumonia…

Streptococcus biochemical tests

CAMP for agalactiae

Catalase negative → no bubbles

Is mycobacterium gram positive or negative

Cytochemically positive but doesnt stain well

What causes bovine tuberculosis

Mycobacterium bovis

Mycobacterium bovis clinical signs

Nodular lesions, often white and calcified

contain necrosis and macrophages 

What is paratuberculosis caused by

Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis

Clinical signs of paratuberculosis

Enteritis, thickened mucosa, malabsorption, diarrhea, weight loss

What is tuberculin skin test for

Mycobacterium bovis

Corynebacterium morphology

What does corynebacterium bovis cause

Subclinical mastitis

What causes pseudotuberculosis

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Pseudotuberculosis clinical signs

Abscess in lymph nodes and internal organs

How is c. pseudotuberculosis transmitted

Transmitted via pus, oral/nasal discharge, coughing, vectors 

What does corynebacterium renale cause

UTI in cattle, cystisis, pyeloneprhitis

What does rhodoccocus equi affect

foals 

What does rhodoccocus equi cause

Bronchopneumonia, abcesses

Rhodococcus morphology

Culture of rhodococcus

Pink mucoid colonies on blood agar, non hemolytic

Nocardia morphology

Filamentous branching rods

Clinical signs nocardia

Pyogranulomatous infections (cutaneous, pulmonary or disseminated)

Chronic mastitis in cows, abortions in pigs 

Nocardia staining

Modified ziehl neelson positive

What does arcanobacteria pyogenes cause

suppurative lesions in cows, sheep and pigs

What does actinobaculum suis cause

Urinary infections in pigs

What does actinomyces bovis cause

Lumpy jaw in cows 

What does actinomyces viscosus cause 

Subcutanoeus abcesses in dogs 

What does dermatophilus congolensis cause

lumpy wool in sheep and strawberry footrot in cattle

Dermatophilus morphology

Filamentous branching rods with zoospores

Listeria morphology 

What does listeria monocytogenes cause

Abortions, septicemia, stiff necks, muscle aches

Listeria biochemical tests

catalase positive, camp positive

Erysipelothrix morphology

What does erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae cause

Swine erysipela

Swine erysipela clinical signs

Diamond shaped lesions, chronic endocarditis, arthritis

Bacillus morphology

What does bacillus anthracis cause

Anthrax

Anthrax clinical signs

Ulcers with necrotic centers

Bloated cadavers

What would you use to stain bacillus spores

MZN

Clostridium morphology