HOSA BOWL: HISTORY OF MEDICINE

Louis Pasteur

demonstrated presence of bacteria

Edward Jenner

invented concept of vaccination; developed vaccination against smallpox; studied cowpox in the milkmaids and their immunity to smallpox

Robert Koch

furthered science of bacteriology thru studies on anthrax and TB

Wilhem Roentgen

accidental discovery of x-rays

Pierre & Marie Curie

discovery of radium

Sir Humphrey Davy

discovered nitrous oxide

Riggs & Wells

experimented with nitrous oxide

Jackson & Morton

discovered ether

Semmelweis

obstetrician who forbade medical students to go straight from dissecting room to delivery room; credited with concept of asepsis

Joseph Lister

recognized need for aspetic technique

Von Bergman

introduced steam sterilization and autoclave which made possible use of sterile gowns, caps, masks, and instruments

Halsted

introduced rubber gloves for use during surgery

F. Nightingale

improved nursing care during Crimean War; elevated nursing to respectable level

Gorgas, Walter Reed, Carlos Finley

discovered that mosquitoes carried both malaria and yellow fever

Ehrlich

synthesized salvarsan to threat syphilis

Gelmo

discovered protonsil, which led to sulfa drugs

Fleming

lab accident led to development of penicillin

Banting & Best

isolated and produced insulin

James Lind

advocated citrus to eliminate scurvy

Addison

discovered adrenal glands and identified their functions

midwife

female who practices art of adding in delivery of infants

trachoma

chronic contagious form of conjunctivitis

asylum

old term for an institution that cares for mentally ill

exorcism

refers to the art of freeing one from evil spirits

embalm

use of chemicals in and on dead body to prepare it for burial

dropsy

obsolete term for generalized edema

moxibustion

cauterization by burning an object on the skin

oracle

wise person deemed to be source of prophetic opinion

paleopathology

study of diseases in remains of bodies and fossils

coryza

obsolete term for acute inflammation of the nose-a cold

psychosomatic

pertaining to relationship between mind and body

amulet

object worn as a charm against evil

trephining

cutting a circular piece of bone out of the cranium-to let out the evil spirits

trephine

instrument used to cut out the piece of circular bone

quackery

the practice of medicine based on unscientific principles

shaman

medicine man found in North American Indian tribes