Plate Tectonics and Earth's Interior

These flashcards cover key topics related to plate tectonics and Earth's structure, summarizing the main concepts and differences in classifications.

What are the two classifications of Earth's interior?

By chemical composition (crust, mantle, core) and by physical properties (lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, outer core, inner core).

What is the main difference between continental and oceanic crust?

Continental crust is thicker and has a different composition compared to oceanic crust.

What distinguishes the asthenosphere from the lithosphere?

The asthenosphere is weaker and more ductile compared to the stronger lithosphere.

What is a key source of Earth's internal energy?

Convection currents within the mantle.

What theory explains the movement of Earth's plates?

The theory of plate tectonics.

What are the three types of plate boundaries?

Divergent, convergent, and transform boundaries.

What geological features are associated with divergent plate boundaries?

Mid-ocean ridges and rift valleys.

Where do we commonly find earthquakes?

At plate boundaries.

What is the relative depth of earthquakes at subduction zones?

Earthquakes can occur at varying depths, often very deep at subduction zones.

What type of volcanism is associated with convergent boundaries?

Volcanism is common at convergent boundaries due to subduction.

What geological feature is formed by subduction zones?

Trenches are formed at subduction zones.

What is continental rifting?

The process by which continental crust is stretched and pulled apart to form new ocean basins.

What is decompression melting?

Melting that occurs when the pressure on rocks is reduced, allowing them to melt.

What is flux melting?

Melting that occurs when water or other volatiles are introduced into the mantle, lowering its melting point.