internet and web quiz 3

what is PHP

what is PHP

• stands for “PHP: hypertext preprocessor”

• an interpreted programming language that is used to build webpages

why is PHP preferred over alternative languages for web development *

• it is popular?

• open-source

• embedded within HTML, making it easy to integrate dynamic content into web pages

how do you set variables in PHP

• variable names start with a $ in PHP

• followed by a word that describes the info held

• equals sign in the assignment operator

scalar (primitive) data types in PHP

• string - represents text

  • $name = ‘pinecone’ (fuck this cat bro)

• int/float - two types of number data types

  • int - whole numbers

  • decimal - fractions, $number = 3.75

• boolean (TRUE/FALSE)

• NULL - represents nothing, not set

T/F, variables are updateable in php

true

compound data type (non-primitive) in PHP

• arrays

how are php objects/arrays similar to JS?

• both can be accessed by their index

• associative access (essentially means that you can access both by property)

• dynamic structure

how are php objects/arrays different to JS? *

• syntax differs

• different methods

• iteration is different

How to work with classes and objects and do things like access object

properties/methods, etc

class Car

{

// properties

public $brand;

public $model;

// methods

public function start() {
return “The {$this → brand} {$this→model} is starting.”; }

}

// creating an object

$myCar = new Car(“toyota”, “camry”)';

// accessing an object

echo $myCar → brand; // outputs Toyota

how to work with indexed and associative arrays

how we access/handle data from different HTTP methods(ties into REST, what should a POST do?

• some http methods include post, get, put, delete, patch

• post should submit data to be processed by the server

what does MVC stand for

• model, view, controller

• separates an application into three main components built to handle specific development aspects of an application

what is model

• interacts with database and perfroms data manipulation

what is view

• represents the presentation layer - displaying user interface

• usually HTML templates that may include embedded PHP code

what is controller

• acts as an intermediary between the model and the view

• receives user input, processes requests, and updates the model

what is REST

• stands for “representational state transfer”

• makes it easier for systems to communicate with each other

validation

• making sure that the data coming in from the front end is correct

• first step - escape any harmful characters

why do we need to escape data

• escaping data will remove bad scripts

• we don’t want hackers to send us malicious code

• escaping data involves removing and replacing any characters that should not appear in a value

what are sessions

• store information about a user and their preferences on the server

• called sessions because they only store the data for the duration of a single visit to the site

how do sessions work

• every page that uses sessions should call the session_start()

• this automatically creates a session cookie for the browser

• temporary, session cookies are deleted when the browser is closed

cookies

• a website can tell a browser to store data about the user in a text file called a cookie

• each time the browser requests another page from that site, the browser sends the data in the cookie back to the server

how do cookies work

• php has a set_cookie() function to create a cookie

• to access, $_COOKIE super global array

what is SQL

• stands for “structured query language”

• it is the standard language for database creation and manipulation

what is MySQL

• a relational database program that uses SQL queries

what is a regional database

• includes tables, rows, columns, fields, keys

what are select statements

• select species the columns with the ‘select’ keyword

• and the intended table with the ‘from’ keyword

what is the where clause

what are joins in SQL

• ‘join’ is a keyword that allows you to request data from more than one table

• join are generally how we make use of relationships

join types - idk how important this is

what are relationships

• established associations between two or more tables

• based on common fields from more than one table, often involving primary and foreign keys

primary keys

• the field that is used to uniquely identify each record in a table

• cannot be NULL, must be unique, and there can be only one defined per table

foreign keys

• a field (or fields) in one table that references the primary key in another table

PDOs

• represent and manage the connection to the database

• set up a connection and then run queries though it

• via PDOs, PHP is going to take sql as input and return results from the database and store it in a variable

what are prepared statements

• prepared statements help guard against SQL injection hacks

• will automatically run escaping functions on the params about to be used

SQL injection

• a hack when a hacker tries to run malicious SQL code in a database