Phonetics and Allophones

Flashcards based on lecture notes about phonetics and allophones.

Before primary and secondary stressed vowels in the same syllable, what happens to /p, t, k/?

/p, t, k/ becomes [pʰ, tʰ, kʰ]

When is aspiration on stops usually absent?

There is usually no aspiration on stops in unstressed syllables.

What happens to /l, ɹ, w, j/ in stressed syllables following a voiceless stop or fricative?

/l, ɹ, w, j/ becomes [l,̥ɹ ,̥w̥, j]̥

What happens to Voiceless oral stops that follow /s/?

Voiceless oral stops that follow /s/ are unaspirated.

What happens to /m, n/ following /s/ in the onset of stressed syllables

/m, n/ becomes [m̥ , n̥]

How are stops without audible release marked?

Stops without audible release are marked as [p̚, b̚ , t̚ , d̚ , k̚ , ɡ̚].

When do Voiced stops, fricatives and affricates become devoiced?

Voiced stops, fricatives and affricates become devoiced before a pause or a voiceless obstruent.

When can Tapping of /t/ and /d/ occur?

Tapping of /t/ and /d/ can occur between vowels if the second syllable is unstressed.

When can Glottal stops occur as allophones of /t/?

Glottal stops can occur as allophones of /t/ in syllable final position before syllabic /n/ and other non-syllabic consonants.

When do /k, ɡ/ become fronted?

[k,̟ɡ]̟when followed by front vowels and [j]

When do /k, ɡ/ become backed?

[ḵ, ɡ] ̱when followed by back vowels.

When do /n/ /m/ become labiodental?

/n/ /m/ → [ɱ] preceding a labiodental

What does /hj/ become?

/hj/ becomes voiceless palatal fricative [ç]

How is Gemination represented?

Represented by the length diacritic after the symbol for the geminate consonant

What is an allophone of /əʉ/?

[ɔo] when followed by [ɫ]

Before primary and secondary stressed vowels in the same syllable, what happens to /p, t, k/?

/p, t, k/ becomes [pʰ, tʰ, kʰ]

When is aspiration on stops usually absent?

There is usually no aspiration on stops in unstressed syllables.

What happens to /l, ɹ, w, j/ in stressed syllables following a voiceless stop or fricative?

/l, ɹ, w, j/ becomes [l,̥ɹ ,̥w̥, j]̥

What happens to Voiceless oral stops that follow /s/?

Voiceless oral stops that follow /s/ are unaspirated.

What happens to /m, n/ following /s/ in the onset of stressed syllables

/m, n/ becomes [m̥ , n̥]

How are stops without audible release marked?

Stops without audible release are marked as [p̚, b̚ , t̚ , d̚ , k̚ , ɡ̚].

When do Voiced stops, fricatives and affricates become devoiced?

Voiced stops, fricatives and affricates become devoiced before a pause or a voiceless obstruent.

When can Tapping of /t/ and /d/ occur?

Tapping of /t/ and /d/ can occur between vowels if the second syllable is unstressed.

When can Glottal stops occur as allophones of /

Glottal stops can occur as allophones of /t/ in syllable final position before syllabic /n/ and other non-syllabic consonants.