chapter 2 structure of an atom

atomic level

x-rays are created at an……..

negative ion

when the atoms negative charges outnumber the positives

positive ion

when the atoms positive charges outnumber the negatives

binding energy

is a measure of the amount of energy needed to split an atom (radiation therapy)

the electron binding energy depends on…

how close the electrons is to the nucleus

how many protons are in the atom

inverse relationship

what relationship does binding energy and kinetic energy have

nuclear binding and electron binding energy

determinates x-ray productions

brems and characteristics

the two types of atomic interactions in the x-ray tube that produce x-ray

atomic number

z number

isotope

same number of protons but different number of neutrons

isotones

same number of neutrons but different number of protons

isobars

same number for atomic mass but different protons

isomers

everything remains the same but different amounts of energy within their nuclei

ionic bonding

based on the attraction of opposing charges

one atom gives up an electron, and one atom takes an extra electron

covalent bonding

an outermost electron from one atom begins to orbit the nucleus of another adjacent atom in addition to its original nucleus