Chapter 5

Cell fractionation

Technique to release proteins from cells using physical methods like blender processing or tissue sonicator.

Salting out

Separation of soluble proteins in cytosol by altering water structure with ammonium sulfate, increasing hydrophobic interactions among proteins.

Column chromatography

Method for protein purification based on distribution between stationary (interacts with sample) and mobile phases (carries sample).

Ion-exchange chromatography

Protein separation by charge, with cation-exchange for negatively charged resin and anion-exchange for positively charged resin.

Size-exclusion chromatography

Separation of proteins by size using a stationary phase of cross-linked gel particles, with larger molecules eluting before smaller ones.

Affinity chromatography

Protein purification based on specific binding properties, with a stationary phase linked to a ligand that binds to the protein of interest.

Electrophoresis

Technique where charged particles move based on charge, size, and shape differences, with polyacrylamide gel used for protein separation and agarose for nucleic acids.