PSMA (General Chemistry pt. 2)

Chemical Bonds

• are forces of attraction that exist between a positive ion and a negative ion or between molecules

Octet Rule

• an atom other than hydrogen tends to form bonds until it is surrounded by eight electrons

According to Gilbert Lewis

• atoms combine to achieve a more stable electron configuration.

• Maximum stability results when an atom is isoelectronic with a noble gas.

• Ionic bond

• Covalent bond

• Metallic bond

Three Types of lnteratomic Bonds

Ionic Bond

• Or electrovalent bond

• the electrostatic force that holds ions together in an ionic compound

• farmed by the transfer of electrons from an atom of low ionization energy (alkali and alkaline earth metal) to a more electronegative element (halogen and oxygen)

Covalent Bond

• bond in which two electrons are shared between atoms

• formed when electrons are shared equally between two atoms with the same or almost the same electronegativity

• Non-bonding pairs are called lone pairs.

• Lone pairs - pairs of valence electrons that are not involve in covalent bond formation

Polar Covalent Bond

• This is formed from sharing of electrons between two atoms with different electronegativity

ELECTRONEGATIVITY

• the ability of an atom to attract toward itself the electrons in a chemical bond.

• property that helps us distinguish a nonpolar covalent bond from a polar covalent bond