[6.2] VOLATILE OILS

• camphor

• spearmint

• caraway

• buchu

• wormwood

• cedar leaf oil

Ketone Volatile Oils

menthrone, carvone, pulegone, diosphenol

Ketone Volatile Oils

• monocyclics

camphor, fenchone, thujone

Ketone Volatile Oils

• dicyclic

Cinnamomum camphora

CAMPHOR

• source

dextrorotatory

CAMPHOR

• natural

• optically inactive racemic form (50% D + 50% L)

• from pinene (turpentine)

CAMPHOR

• synthetic

• Topical antipruritic

• Counterirritant

• Anti-infective

CAMPHOR

• use

Mentha spicata

SPEARMINT

• source

carvone (only mint that does not have a menthol)

SPEARMINT

• constituent

• Flavor

• Carminative

SPEARMINT

• use

Carum carvi

CARAWAY

• source

carvone

CARAWAY

• constituent

Barosma betulina

BUCHU

• source

Diosphenol

BUCHU

• constituent

• For menstrual problems

• Diuretic

BUCHU

• use

• absinthe oil

• damong maria

WORMWOOD

• other name

Artemisia absinthium

WORMWOOD / ABSINTHE OIL / DAMONG MARIA

• source

• Thujone (counterirritant) 

• Artemisin (antimalarial)

• artabsinolides

WORMWOOD / ABSINTHE OIL / DAMONG MARIA

• constituent

• Promotes appetite

• Strengthens treatment of colds and influenza

• For gall bladder and menstrual problems

• For expulsion of round worms

WORMWOOD / ABSINTHE OIL / DAMONG MARIA

• use

Thuja occidentalis

CEDAR LEAF OIL

• source

thujone

CEDAR LEAF OIL

• constituent

• thymol

• eugeol

• myrcia oil

• bay oil

• creosote

• juniper tar

• pine tar

• oregano

Phenol Volatile Oils

Phenol Volatile Oils

• notes

• From shikimate pathway (aromatic oils = phenylpropanoids) 

• Ex. carvacrol, eugenol, thymol (CET)

• Phenol from: 

  • Thyme oil (Thymus vulgaris) 

  • Horsemint oil (Monarda punctata)

THYMOL

• source

• Antifungal

• Topical antibacterial

THYMOL

• use

Thyme oil

(Thymus vulgaris) 

Horsemint oil

(Monarda punctata)

Clove (Eugenia caryophyllus)

EUGENOL

• source

Chemically 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol 

EUGENOL

• constituent

• Dental analgesic

• Toothache drops

EUGENOL

• use

bay oil

MYRCIA OIL

• other name

Pimenta racemosa

MYRCIA OIL / BAY OIL

• source

eugenol

MYRCIA OIL / BAY OIL

• constituent

• BEECHWOOD CREOSOTE

• PIX LIQUIDA

 CREOSOTE

• other name

Fagus grandiflora

 CREOSOTE / BEECHWOOD CREOSOTE / PIX LIQUIDA

• source

• guaiacol

• creosol

 CREOSOTE / BEECHWOOD CREOSOTE / PIX LIQUIDA

• constituent

• (precursor to antitussive guaifenesin)

guaiacol

CADE OIL

 JUNIPER TAR

• other name

Juniper oxycedrus

JUNIPER TAR / CADE OIL

• source

Cadinene

JUNIPER TAR / CADE OIL

• constituent

Local antieczematic (Polytar®)

JUNIPER TAR / CADE OIL

• use

Pinus palustris

 PINE TAR

• source

• phenol

• creosol

 PINE TAR

• constituent

• Local antieczematic

• Anti-psoriasis 

 PINE TAR

• use

• Origanum onites (pot marjoram)

• Origanum vulgare (wild marjoram)

OREGANO

• source

Lamiaceae

OREGANO

• family

• Carvacrol

• Thymol

OREGANO

• constituents

• Antitussive

• Expectorant 

• Have thyme-like odor ; strong antiseptic 

• Traditionally used for digestive disorders, pharyngeal infections, mild fever

OREGANO

• use

• nutmeg oil

• fennel oil

• anise oil

• chinese star anise oil

• sweet flag

• sassafras

Phenolic Ether Volatile Oils

Phenolic Ether Volatile Oils

anethole, safrol, asarone

MYRISTICA OIL

NUTMEG OIL

• other name

• Safrole 

• Methoxysafrole (myristicin)

Primarily ɑ-pinene, β-pinene, sabinene, myristicin, elemicin

NUTMEG OIL / MYRISTICA OIL

• constituent

myristicaceae

NUTMEG OIL / MYRISTICA OIL

• family

hallucinogenic agent in prison inmates (amphetamine-like)

• convulsive at high doses

NUTMEG OIL / MYRISTICA OIL

• use

Foeniculum vulgare

FENNEL OIL 

• source

Trans-anethole

FENNEL OIL 

• constituent

Purgative

FENNEL OIL 

• use

Pimpinella anisum

ANISE OIL

• source

• Trans-anethole

• methylchavicol

ANISE OIL

• constituent

For cough and colds

ANISE OIL

• use

Illicium verum

 CHINESE STAR ANISE OIL

• source

Trans-anethole

 CHINESE STAR ANISE OIL

• constituent

Acorus calamus

SWEET FLAG

• source

asarone

SWEET FLAG

• constituents

• Germination inhibitors of lettuce seeds 

• Has AChE inhibitory activity

SWEET FLAG

• use

Sassafras albidum

SASSAFRAS

• source

Safrole (toxic)

SASSAFRAS

• constituents

Flavoring agent (previously in rootbeer)

SASSAFRAS

• use

Oxide Volatile Oils

• Often seen as cyclic ethers 

• Examples: Eucalyptol, ascaridole

• eucalyptus oil

• mindanao gum

Oxide Volatile Oils

Eucalyptus globulus

EUCALYPTUS OIL 

• source

• Cineole

• Eucalyptol

• Cajuputol

EUCALYPTUS OIL 

• constituent

• Flavor 

• Antiseptic 

• Diaphoretic 

• Expectorant

EUCALYPTUS OIL 

• use

Eucalyptus deglupta

MINDANAO GUM  

• source

• Stimulant 

• Antiseptic 

• Antimalarial (due to oxide volatile oil)

MINDANAO GUM  

• use

• wintergreen

• lavender oil

• pine needle oil

• mustard oil

• rosemary

• aliiaceous plants

Ester Volatile Oils

• Gaultheria procumbens 

• Also from the bark of Betula lenta

GAULTHERIA / WINTERGREEN / TEABERRY / CHECKERBERRY

• source

WINTERGREEN / TEABERRY / CHECKERBERRY

GAULTHERIA

• other name

Methyl salicylate

GAULTHERIA / WINTERGREEN / TEABERRY / CHECKERBERRY

• constituent

• Antirheumatic

• Antiseptic

• Flavor

GAULTHERIA / WINTERGREEN / TEABERRY / CHECKERBERRY

• use

10 mL ingested by children

GAULTHERIA / WINTERGREEN / TEABERRY / CHECKERBERRY

• fatal dose

• gaultheria oil 

• wintergreen oil 

• betula oil 

• sweet birch oil

GAULTHERIA / WINTERGREEN / TEABERRY / CHECKERBERRY

• other names of oil

Lavandula angustifolia

LAVENDER OIL

• source

Linalyl acetate

LAVENDER OIL

• constituent

Relaxing oil for aromatherapy (massage, headache)

LAVENDER OIL

• use

Pinus mugo

PINE NEEDLE OIL 

• source

Bornyl acetate

PINE NEEDLE OIL 

• constituent

Brassica nigra

MUSTARD OIL 

• source

Allyl isothiocyanate

MUSTARD OIL 

• constituent

Rubefacient

MUSTARD OIL 

• use

Rosmarinus officinalis

ROSEMARY

• source

lamiaceae

ROSEMARY

• family

• Bornyl acetate, 

• 3% rosmarinic acid

• carnosic acid

ROSEMARY

• constituents

• Antibacterial

• Carminative

• Spasmolytic

• used in aromatherapy

ROSEMARY

• use

• Garlic (Allium sativum) 

• Onion (Allium cepa) 

• Leeks (Allium odorum)

ALLIACEOUS PLANTS   

• source

Amaryllidaceae

ALLIACEOUS PLANTS   

• family

• Allicin

• Alliin

ALLIACEOUS PLANTS   

• constituents

• For HTN and hyperlipidemia 

• As volatile oil, rubefacient 

• Also has antidiabetic, antirheumatic, antiseptic, expectorant propertie

ALLIACEOUS PLANTS   

• use