Masty - narrowed down

Innervation of flank

• lateral cutaneous branches of ventral branches of thoracic/lumbar spinal nerves

T18 nerve

• costoabdominal nerve

• at costochondral junction

L1 nerve

• iliohypogastric nerve

L2 nerve

• ilioinguinal nerve

• at tuber coxae

L3 nerve

• genitofemoral nerve

L4 nerve

• lateral cutaneous femoral nerve

• at subiliac lymph nodes w/caudal branch of deep circumflex a.

External abdominal oblique

• caudoventral fibers

• inguinal ligament at caudal edge

• part of external rectus sheath & superficial inguinal ring

Internal abdominal oblique

• cranioventral fibers

• cremaster muscle attached

• part of external rectus sheath

Transversus abdominis

• vertical fibers

• deep rectus sheath

• supplied by cranial branch of deep circumflex artery

Rectus abdominis

• prepubic tendon attaches to pelvis

• no aponeurosis

• contained in sheath

Diaphragm topography

• bulges cranially to rib 6

Liver topography

• 7-9 high left

• 7-16 high right

Stomach topography

• 9-15 high left

Spleen

• base: 15-18 high left

• apex: 9-12 mid left

Cecum topography

• base at right paralumbar fossa

• body against flank

• apex going craniomedial towards midline

Kidney topography

• under transverse processes of vertebrae

• T16-18 + L1 right

• T18 + L1-3 left

Omental bursa (cow)

• contains ventral sac of rumen

• space between two leaves of omentum

Supraomental recess

• contains intestines + uterus

• space on top of deep leaf

Sympathetic innervation

• regulated by caudal hypothalamus

• primary neurons in lateral horn of thoracolumbar spinal cord

• innervates cardiac + smooth mm. & glandular tissues

Sympathetic ganglia

• paravertebral: sympathetic trunk + cervical

• prevertebral: celiac, cranial mesenteric, & caudal mesenteric

Path of sympathetic innervation to the head

• cervicothoracic ganglia → ansa subclavia → middle cervical → vagosympathetic trunk → cranial cervical ganglia

Parasympathetic innervation

• regulated by rostral hypothalamus

• primary neurons located in craniosacral brainstem + cord

• innervates cardiac + smooth mm. & glandular tissue

Parasympathetic pathways

• CNIII → Edinger Westphal → ciliary

• CN VII → lacrimal → pterygopalatine

• CN VII → rostral salivatory → mandibular

• CN IX → caudal salivatory → otic

• CN X → dorsal vagal → terminal

• sacral cord → pelvic or terminal ganglia

Splanchnic nerves

• preganglionic sympathetic nerves

• major from T12-13 to adrenal + celiacomesenteric

• minors from T13-L1 to adrenal + celiacomesenteric

• lumbars from L2-5 to caudal mesenteric

Vagal trunks

• dorsal to visceral surface of stomach + rumen & lesser curvature

• ventral to parietal surface of stomach + lesser curvature of abomasum