A&P 1 lecture exam 2 TTU

Muscles of mastication

masseter and temporalis

Muscles of the tongue

glossus

Muscles of the pelvic floor

urethral sphincter and anal sphincter

Muscles of the vertebral column

erector spinae

Pectoralis major

Arm medial rotator

Intercostal function

Maintain space between ribs

Oblique function

Rotate trunk

transverse abdominis function

Flatten abdomen

Diaphragm function

Muscle of respiration

rectus abdominis function

Flex trunk

Frontalis function

raises eyebrows

orbicularis oris function

pucker lips

Orbicularis oculi function

closes eye

levator labii superioris

elevates upper lip

depressor labii superioris

depresses upper lip

Zygomaticus function

smiling

Buccinator function

Tighten cheek

Muscles of the extrinsic eye

Control voluntary eye movement

Suprahyoid muscles

elevate hyoid, depress mandible

infrahyoid muscles

Depress hyoid and elevate pharynx/larynx

Serrated anterior function

Shoulder protractor muscle

Latissimus dorsi function

extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm

deltoid function

abducts arm

Locator scapulae function

Abducts arm

Rotator cuff muscles

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis(SITS)

teres minor action

lateral rotation of arm

Anterior/flexing muscles of arm

Biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis

Posterior/extending muscles of arm

Triceps brachii

Muscles of anterior forearm and hand

Brachioradialis, flexor carpi, pronator teres, flexor digitorum, flexor pollicis

Muscles of posterior forearm and hand

Extensor digitorum, extensor pollicis, extensor carpi, supinator

Hip extension and abduction

Gluteus muscles

Piroformis

abducts and rotates thigh laterally

iliopsoas action

hip flexion

Adductor and Gracilis function

Adductor hips

Quadriceps function

extend leg and knee

Hamstring function

extend hip and flex knee

Muscles of anterior lower leg

tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus

Muscles of posterior lower leg

gastrocnemius, soleus, flexor digitorum, flexor halluci

muscles of lateral leg

fibularis longus, fibularis brevis

Functions of CNS

Higher thinking, interpretation of sensory signals and sending out motor signals

Functions of PNS

Deliver sensory information to the CNS, Carry motor commands to peripheral tissues and systems

Action potential

Electrical signal that travels along axon

Myelin

Lipid sheath that insulates axon to increase speed of signal

2 types of axon junctions

Neuron-neuron and neuromuscular

Myelinate CNS

oligodendrocytes

Myelinate PNS

Schwann cells

Glial Cells

Make up 50% of nervous tissue, helps with regulation

Point where spine transitions from CNS to PNS

Conus Medullaris to Cauda Equina

Gray Matter

Dorsal side made up of sensory cell bodies, ventral side made of motor cell bodies

White matter

Ascending/afferent axons relaying sensory info to brain, descending/efferent axons relaying motor commands to tissues

Arachnoid

Loose CT that surrounds nerves, between pia mater and dura mater

Pia mater

Loose CT that surrounds nerves more closely

Dura Mater

Thick outer layer of meninges that is made of dense CT

Trait of both somatic and autonomic nervous systems

Both are Motor systems that involve muscle contractions

Astrocytes function

maintain blood-brain barrier, provide structural support, regulate different concentrations

Microglia

phagocytes, part of immune system

Broca's area

speech production, towards front of brain on left side of brain

Wernicke's area

language comprehension area on left side of brain towards middle

Thalamus

Processes sensory info and sends to cerebral cortex

Basal Ganglia

Cell bodies in the white matter involved in voluntary movements

Hypothalamus

Integrates endocrine and nervous system

Internal capsule

Contains axons that connect cell bodies within a hemisphere

3 types of neuron cells

Sensory, motor, and interneurons

Sympathetic nervous system

fight or flight

parasympathetic nervous system

rest and digest

Epineurium

surrounds the entire nerve, Dense CT

Perineurium

surrounds each fascicle, Dense CT

Endoneurium

surrounds each nerve fiber, loose CT