Albright DE - Chapter 31 Review

1. Responding to continuing upheavals in the postwar world order and to significant social changes that upended traditional American culture and values, most Americans in the 1920's did all of the following EXCEPT...

C) struggle to achieve economic prosperity

2. How did the business sector use the red scare to its advantage in the 1920's?

B) It cooperated with federal and state governments to destroy fledgling unions such as the IWW

3. Which of the following was most important in prompting Americans to support the Immigrant Act of 1924?

B) A nativist belief that northern Europeans were culturally superior to the waves of eastern and southern Europeans who had arrived in America over the last forty years

4. Which of the following would a cultural pluralist such as Horace Kallen, Randolph Bourne, or Louis Brandeis support?

A) An American melting-pot cultural ideology that advocated eliminating ethnic differences

5. Which of the following represented a key obstacle to working-class solidarity and union organizing in the US during this period?

A) Employers' devious use of ethnic tensions and rivalries among workers to thwart union activities and working-class solidarity

6. All of the following undermined the effective enforcement of prohibition laws against alcohol in America EXCEPT...

E) overwhelming popular opposition to prohibition in the South and West

7. According to John Dewey, the primary goal of progressive education should be to...

E) educate students for life through active, participatory learning methods

8. Which of the following was NOT an outcome of the 1925 Scopes Monkey Trial?

C) It was a complete legal vindication of a teacher's right to teach evolution in the public schools of Tennessee

9. How did Americans business in the 1920's attempt to solve the problem of developing enormous universal markets for its mass-produced goods?

B) American business nurtured the birth and development of consumer advertising

10. What dark cloud hung over the economic prosperity enjoyed by Americans in the 1920's?

A) An enormous amount of American consumer debt

11. All of the following were an outgrowth of the automobile revolution EXCEPT...

B) the increased dependence of women on men

12. What did the 1920 census reveal about the lives of Americans?

C) For the first time in the nation's history, more Americans lived in cities than in the countryside

13. What did many Americans point to in order to justify their new sexual frankness?

D) The theories of Sigmund Freud

14. Which socioeconomic group bore the heaviest tax burden in the 1920's as a result of the tax policies of Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon?

A) Middle-income groups

15. All of the following works of literature examined the values of 1920s America EXCEPT...

D) The Clansman

16. How did the cultural liberation of the 1920s extend toAfrican Americans, especially in northern cities?

C) Writers and artists displayed racial pride and asserted their self-worth

A. Mitchell Palmer

Attorney General who rounded up many suspects who were thought to be un-American and socialistic; he helped to increase the Red Scare; he was nicknamed the "Fighting Quaker" until a bomb destroyed his home; he then had a nervous breakdown and became known as the "Quaking Fighter"

Nicola Sacco

Italian anarchists convicted and executed for murder despite scarce evidence against them

Bartolomeo Vanzetti

United States anarchist (born in Italy) who with Nicola Sacco was convicted of murder and in spite of world-wide protest was executed (1888-1927)

Horace Kallen

An intellectual who championed alternative conceptions of the immigrant role in American society, defended newcomer's right to practice their ancestral customs, vision- the US should provide a protective canopy for ethnic and racial groups to preserve their cultural uniqueness, stressed the preservation of identity, believed pluralism

Randolph Bourne

This man was a "cultural pluralist" along with Horace Kallen; he opposed the idea of immigration restriction; he, in fact, believed in cosmopolitan interchange which was destined to make America "not a nationality but a trans-nationality." In this view the U.S. should serve as the vanguard of a more international and multicultural age (pgs. 724-725)

Al Capone

A mob king in Chicago who controlled a large network of speakeasies with enormous profits; his illegal activities convey the failure of prohibition in the twenties and the problems with gangs

John T. Scopes

An educator in Tennessee who was arrested for teaching evolution; this trial represented the Fundamentalist vs the Modernist; the trial placed a negative image on fundamentalists, and it showed a changing America

Frederick W. Taylor

An engineer, an inventor, and a tennis player. He sought to eliminate wasted motion. Famous for scientific-management especially time-management studies

Henry Ford

(1863-1947) American businessman, founder of Ford Motor Company, father of modern assembly lines, and inventor credited with 161 patents

Charles A. Lindbergh

United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974)

Sigmund Freud

Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis

H. L. Mencken

Baltimore writer who criticized the supposedly narrow and hypocritical values of American society

F. Scott Fitzgerald

A novelist and chronicler of the jazz age; his wife, Zelda and he were the "couple" of the decade but hit bottom during the depression; his novel THE GREAT GATSBY is considered a masterpiece about a gangster's pursuit of an unattainable rich girl

Ernest Hemingway

Lost Generation writer, spent much of his life in France, Spain, and Cuba during WWI, notable works include A Farewell to Arms

T. S. Eliot

Wrote "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock," "The Waste Land" and "The Hollow Men;" British WWI poet, playwright, and literary critic

William Faulkner

Avid American write famous for his "The Sound and the Fury" (1929) and "As I Lay Dying" (1930) novels

Langston Hughes

African American poet who described the rich culture of African American life using rhythms influenced by jazz music; he wrote of African American hope and defiance, as well as the culture of Harlem and also had a major impact on the Harlem Renaissance

Bolshevik Revolution

The overthrow of Russia's Provisional Government in the fall of 1917 by Lenin and his Bolshevik forces, made possible by the government's continuing defeat in the war, its failure to bring political reform, and a further decline in the conditions of everyday life

Red Scare

Intense fear of communism and other politically radical ideas

Criminal Syndicalism Laws

Passed by many states during the Red Scare of 1919-1920, these nefarious laws outlawed the mere advocacy of violence to secure social change. Stump speakers for the International Workers of the World, or IWW, were special targets

American Plan

Term that some U.S. employers in the 1920s used to describe their policy of refusing to negotiate with unions; demonstrated laissez-faire economics

Ku Klux Klan

A secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their civil rights

Bible Belt

The region of the American South, extending roughly from North Carolina west to Oklahoma and Texas, where Protestant Fundamentalism and belief in literal interpretation of the Bible were traditionally strongest

Immigration Act of 1924

Also known as the Johnson-Reed Act; federal law limiting the number of immigrants that could be admitted from any country to 2% of the amount of people from that country who were already living in the U.S. as of the census of 1890

Eighteenth Amendment

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

Volstead Act

Bill passed by Congress to enforce the language of the 18th Amendment; this bill made the manufacture and distribution of alcohol illegal within the borders of the United States

Racketeers

A person who engages in dishonest and fraudulent business dealings

Fundamentalism

Conservative beliefs in the Bible and that it should be literally believed and applied

Scientific Management

A management theory using efficiency experts to examine each work operations and find ways to minimize the time needed to complete it

Fordism

System of standardized mass production attributed to Henry Ford

United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)

A black nationalist organization founded in 1914 by the Jamaican-born Marcus Garvey in order to promote resettlement of African Americans to their "African homeland" and to stimulate a vigorous separate black economy within the United States

Modernism

A cultural movement embracing human empowerment and rejecting traditionalism as outdated; rationality, industry, and technology were cornerstones of progress and human achievement

"Lost Generation"

Group of writers in 1920s who shared the belief that they were lost in a greedy, materialistic world that lacked moral values and often choose to flee to Europe

Harlem Renaissance

A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished