geography- Resource management - Paper 2

May - Year 10

food miles define

the distance that food travels from producer to consumer

carbon footprint define

the measure of the impact human activities have on the environment in terms of the amount green house gases they produce

How much wayter does the average person in UK use per day + percentage pf what is used for

150 Liters

30% toilet flushing

21% bath + taps

13% clothes washing

12% showers

8% washing up

7% outdoor

5% other

4%v drinking

how many people in the world live without access to clean water

240 million +

how many people globally face hunger on a daily basis

how many people, globally, lack essential micronutrients

795 million

2 billion

three main types of fossil fuels

coal, oil, gas

which energy source is non renewable but doesnt give off CO2 when producing energy

main challange of using this energy source to produce electricity

Nuclear power

if it goes goes wrong radioactive leaks causes changes to human DNA which causes cancer

pros and cons of hydroelectric power (1,1)

pro

-lowe maintanance

cons

use lots of concreate- not renewable

How has demand for food changed since 1950s (4,3)

1950s

-used to eat seasonaly - resrticted in winter - so people would preserve food by pickling or in jam

-eat simpler - as you grow your own

-healthier

-families didnt have a car - norm man would work and wife would walk to shops + cook - buy locally

Now

-not eating seasonally - importating food from other countries - more variety

-chefs incourage us to eat more exotically

-in 2013 47% 0f UKs food supply was imported - carbon footprint is increased because of food miles

why should you eat seasonally (5)

-reduces energy (+CO2 emissions) needed to grow and transport the food

-avoid paying a premium for food that is scacer

-support local economy

-to reconnect with natures cycles + passing of time

-seasonal food is fresher + so tends to be tastier + more nutritious

Cost + benefit for UK + LICs

Exotic fruit cannot be grown in the UK because of climate

UK

Cost - importing + increasing our airmiles , UK farmers loose income by demand for other fruit

Benefit - varying diet , more balanced

LICs

Cost - less land for local farmers

Benefit - get a source of income , jobs are created

Cost + benefit for UK + LICs

Foodie programs promote the use of exotic ingredients

UK

Cost - UK consumers pay high porices for luxury items

Benefit - can make a diverse range of dishes

LICs

Cost - these crops need lots of water - often poor water suply

Benefit - creates jobs + increases quality of life

Cost + benefit for UK + LICs

People demand all year round produce and arent prepared to eat seasonally anymore

UK

Cost - some summer fruit in winter may be more expensive , importing increases air miles _+ our carbon footprint
Benfeit - Varying diet + more balanced in winter where there used to be less fruit + veg grown , supermarkets are able to sell variety - boosts economy

LICs

Cost - less land for locak farmers , farmers may be exposed to chemicals e.g pestidies without protective clothing

Benefit - government gains taxes from the wages paid + can lead to improving infastructure

Cost + benefit for UK + LICs

Seasonal fruit + veg that can be grwon in the UK is often imported from other countries because its cheaper

UK
Cost - Uk farmers loose out to cheaper foreign imports, reducing their income + number of agricultyural jobs available in UK

Benefit - UK consumers can buy more cheaply, thus reducing food poverty in the UK

LICs

Cost - Workers are being paid less + exploited

Benefit - Some would argue a low paid job is better than none

whats the aim of organic farming

to protect the environment + wildlife by using natural predators to control pests

How does Organic farming avoid using pesticides

chemical fertilisers

cemical weed killers

animal rearing differ

pesticides - using natural predators to control pests e.g laderbirds to eat blackfly

chemical fertilisers - rotating crops to maintain fertility and using natural fertilisers

mechanonal weeding

animal rearing - without the use of antibiotics + regular use of drugs to inc growth

when + why did organic produce sale rise

why did it fall in 2009-2011

1990s

people became more concerned about the effect of what they eat on their health

global recession and reduction in incomes for many families made organic food a luxury

why is organic produce more expansive than conventionally

where can you buy organic oriduce

lower yields

supermarkets, farmers markets, vegetable box schemes