English 4 Part B Flashcards
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92 Terms
Poetry
A literary form that emphasizes expression through rhythm, imagery, and word choice.
Poetic Structure
The form or pattern a poem follows (rhyme, line length, stanzas, etc.).
Theme
The central message, insight, or idea that a work of literature conveys.
End Rhyme
The sounds at the end of lines rhyme
Internal Rhyme
The sounds within a line rhyme
Eye Rhyme
words that look like they should rhyme but when you say them aloud, they don't; like rough and though
Slant Rhyme
The words share sounds but they don't quite rhyme; like above and blush
Identical Rhyme
The same word is repeated.
What are the 3 types of poetry?
Descriptive, Narrative, Lyric
Descriptive Poetry
Realistically describes actual people, places, or things
Narrative Poetry
Tells a story
Lyric Poem
Expresses deep feelings and emotions
What are the types of narrative poetry?
Ballad, Epic, and Limerick
What are the types of lyric poetry?
Sonnet, Elegy, Ode
Ballad
a poem that tells a story, usually of a romanticized character, in short, rhythmic stanzas
Epic
a long poem that tells the story of a hero or legend
Limerick
a short, humorous poem that follows a specific structure
Sonnet
a love poem, generally, that follows a specific structure
Elegy
a somber poem written in mourning for the dead
Ode
a serious poem written to express strong emotion
End-stopped Lines
lines of poetry that end with a punctuation mark, or naturally stop where the lines still makes sense, encourage the reader to pause before moving onto the next idea
Enjambed Lines
Lines of poetry that end in the middle of a thought and do not make sense without the line that come next.
Fixed Verse
Poems that follow specific rules
Free Verse
Poems that break the rules
Mood
The way the author wants the reader to feel while reading
Tone
The attitude writers express through the words they choose
What are the 6 steps of TOASTT?
Step 1: Title
Step 2: Own Words
Step 3: Analyze Poetic Devices
Step 4: Shifts
Step 5: Tone
Step 6: Theme
What do you do under Step 1 of TOASTT?
Consider the title and what it might mean. What do you think the poem is about, based on the title?
What do you do under Step 2 of TOASTT?
After reading the poem, paraphase it:
- Look up the definitions or use context clues to determine the meanings of any unknown words
- In your own words, tell what the poem is about
- Consider who is speaking, who is being spoken to, whether there is a reason or occasion for the poem, etc
- Determine if the poem is descriptive, narrative or lyric
What do you do under Step 3 of TOASTT?
Look for any poetic devices and examine them. Focus on how they contribute to the meaning of the poem. Consider: rhythm, rhyme, imagery, figurative language, etc
Simile
A comparison using "like" or "as"
Personification
A figure of speech in which inanimate or nonhuman things are given human characteristics or abilities
Metaphor
A direct comparison between unlike things
Imagery
Descriptive language that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)
Apostrophe
A figure of speech that directly addresses or speaks to an abstract quality, a nonhuman, or an individual that is not present
Hyperbole
An figure of speech that uses exaggeration for effect.
Onomatopoeia
A figure of speech in which the sound of the word corresponds to its meaning
Alliteration
Repetition of initial consonant sounds
Understatement
a figure of speech that makes something less important or serious to emphasize the opposite
Rhyme
When two words have the same sounds, usually at the end of each word
Rhythm
The flow or "beat" of a poem or a passage; it can be slow, fast, or alternating, and it helps to create a mood
Stanza
Division of lines in a poem
Oxymoron
a figure of speech that puts 2 words with opposite meanings together
Paradox
a statement that seems to contradict itself
What do you do under Step 4 of TOASTT?
How does the language in the poem shift or move from one line of thought to another? Take into account structural elements like:
- Key words (but, yet, however, although)
- Punctuation (dashes, periods, colons, ellipses)
- Stanza divisions
- Changes in line or stanza length
- Irony
- Changes in Sound
What do you do under Step 5 of TOASTT?
Consider:
- Language
- Images
- Details
- Sentence Structure
- Mood
What do you do under Step 6 of TOASTT?
What is the motivation, human experience, or condition addressed by the poem? Consider what is taking place in the poem and who or what is experiencing the action of the poem.
Denotation
The dictionary definition of a word
Connotation
the feelings and ideas associated with a word
Repetition
A tool that can be used to place emphasis on certain ideas to enhance the meaning of a poem
Archetypes
categorized representations of an original idea or model
- Taps into an audience's sense of right and wrong
A vivid account of some aspect of your essay's topic can get your readers' attention