Lecture 3 PART 1 - fate of xenobiotics in an organism

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33 Terms

1
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What is the structure of a molecule? (description)
multiple bindings, aromatic circle
2
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What reduces biodegrability in a molecule structure?
Halogenation
3
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What is the binding and polarity of C-H?
Covalent non-polar
4
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What is the binding and polarity of C-O-N?
Covalent polar
5
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How does the covalent polar bond affect solubility in water?
The solubility increases
6
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Solid to gas process?
Sublimation
7
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Gas to solid process?
Deposition
8
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At what ATM is the triple point of water?
0\.006ATM
9
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Vapour pressure definition?
The pressure of the vapour above a liquid surface
10
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What is the equilibrium vapour pressure an indication of?
evaporation rate
11
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What is the critical point?
When the vapour density is equal to liquid density
12
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What is it called when the relative humidity is 100%?
Dew point
13
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What happens when the vapour pressure exceeds the thermodynamic equilibrium?
Condensation
14
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What is solubility dependent on?
Pressure, temperature, polarity of solvent and solute
15
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What are the 3 options when mixing liquids?
1) They mix, 2) They mix to a certain concentration, 3) Substances do not mix
16
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What is an example of mixed liquids?
Ethanol + water
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What is an example of mixed liquids to a limited concentration?
diethyl ether
18
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What is an example of non-mixed liquids?
Toluene + water
19
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What is LNAPL?
Light non-aqueous phase liquid?
20
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How does LNAPL act in contact with water?
Floats on water
21
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What is DNAPL?
Dense non-aqueous phase liquid
22
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How does DNAPL act in contact with water?
Stays at bottom
23
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In what environment do acid gases better dissolve?
alkaline environments
24
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What bonds do gases usually form?
Unstable covalent
25
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What is the partition coefficient?
Ratio of equilibrium concentrations od a dissolved substance in a two-phase system
26
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What is logKow
chemical’s conc in n-octanol/conc in water
27
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What is logKoc
conc in soil/conc in water
28
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How do substances with high logKow sorb into organic matter?
faster, high polarity, lipophilic
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How do substances with high logKoc sorb into soil?
Heavy sorption
30
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Define adsorption
Accumulation of molecules on surface
31
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Define absorption
penetration of molecules
32
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Define desorption
movement of molecules back from solid to original
33
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What happens when the concentration of LogKoc is *low*?
very mobile, release easily into other components