Environmental and Societal Changes: 1200-Present

Flashcards covering key concepts related to environmental and societal changes from 1200 to the present, focusing on land use, technology, and global interactions.

What were King Leopold II's interests in the Congo primarily focused on?

Rubber sap extraction from trees.

What are some human activities and considerations related to environmental impact, especially during the period of 1200-present?

Threats to the environment, land use, domestication of animals, transfer of diseases, environmental movements, and technology.

What animals were crucial to Mongol pastoral nomads?

Sheep and ponies

What agricultural product was significant in Song China, and what technique was used to cultivate it?

Champa Rice, which was grown using terracing.

How did the use of pigs and horses affect the Americas through the Columbian Exchange?

They significantly changed the landscape and agricultural practices.

What are some examples of GMOs, fertilizers and pesticides?

sugar, new breeding of animals, fertilizers, pesticide, mules, donkeys, chickens

What are some examples of environmental movements in Europe/Russia?

Manorialism/serfdom

What are some examples of coercive labor systems mentioned in this text?

Plantation System, Encomienda System, Mit'a system, Serfdom

What empire monopolized trade in the Indian Ocean through the use of trading posts?

The Portuguese.

What are examples of cash crops?

Sugar, bananas, coffee, guano, tobacco, tea

What crop were the British making Indians grow, and where was it being sent?

Poppy seed, which was sent to China.

Where did the Green Revolution primarily impact wheat production in 1947?

Mexico and India.

What are some consequences tied to Fossil Fuels?

Industry, Global Warming, Globalization

What does the author, John F. Richard, argue is the most significant way humans change the world's lands and ecosystems?

Agriculture, particularly sedentary cultivation.

What product was Ceylon (Sri Lanka) known for under British rule?

Lipton Pure Tea.

What resources were mined by De Beers Mining Company in South Africa?

Diamonds.

Name the trade networks responsible for the spread of disease.

Silk Roads, Bubonic Plague

What were the floating gardens used by the Aztec civilization called?

Chinampas

What was the name of Latin America?

Central America, South America & the Caribbean

Which conquistador is associated with the Aztecs?

Hernan Cortes

What was the name of the messenger system used in Incan societies?

Runners and military on the roads (Carpe Nan).

Name the leaders of liberation mentioned in the text.

SIMON BOLIVAR AND JOSE DE SAN MARTIN, TOUISSANT L’OUVERTURE

Who were the Creoles?

Europeans born in New World, Read John Locke’s “On the Two Treatises of Government”

Who was Fulgencio Batista?

Cuba: Fulgencio Batista, Rise of Fidel Castro (Communism- Karl Marx “The Communist Manifesto”)

What were the silver mines of Potosi primarily used for?

Silver to China (the western hemisphere)

What kind of crops are Cash Crops?

bananas, sugar, guano, beef, coffee. Required to support global economy