Endocrine System and Anatomical Terms Flashcards

Flashcards covering key concepts of the endocrine system, anatomical terms, glands, and hormones discussed in the lecture.

What does the endocrine system consist of?

Glandular tissues that secrete hormones, which act on various organ systems.

What does 'superior' mean in anatomical terms?

Above.

What does 'inferior' mean in anatomical terms?

Below

What does 'anterior' mean in anatomical terms?

Front

What does 'posterior' mean in anatomical terms?

Back

What does 'medial' mean in anatomical terms?

Close to the midline of the body

What does 'lateral' mean in anatomical terms?

To the side of the body

What does 'ipsilateral' mean in anatomical terms?

On the same side of the body

What does 'contralateral' mean in anatomical terms?

On opposite sides of the body

What does 'proximal' mean in anatomical terms?

Closer to the trunk of the body

What does 'distal' mean in anatomical terms?

Farther from the trunk of the body

What does 'superficial' mean in anatomical terms?

Near the surface

What does 'deep' mean in anatomical terms?

Down below the surface

What does 'prone' mean in anatomical terms?

Face down

What does 'supine' mean in anatomical terms?

Face up

What does 'peripheral' refer to?

Nerves and blood vessels near the surface of the body

Where is the thyroid gland located?

Anterior trachea

What three important hormones does the thyroid gland secrete?

Tri-iodothyronine, Thyroxine, and Calcitonin

What are hormones?

Chemical messengers sent to target tissues to have an effect on those organs, regulating growth, metabolism, and sexual development/function.

What is the function of Melatonin?

Regulates sleep-wake cycle

What is the function of Estrogen?

Primary female sex hormone

What is the function of Testosterone?

Primary male sex hormone

Where is the parathyroid gland located?

Posterior to the thyroid

What is the function of Insulin?

Regulates blood glucose levels

Where is the pineal gland located?

Middle of the brain

What is the function of the Hypothalamus?

Labeled as the control center of the body. Maintains a stable internal environment. It is the link between the nervous system and the endocrine system.

What is the function of the Pituitary Gland?

Labeled as the master gland. The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary gland, which in turn controls other endocrine glands like the thyroid, adrenal glands, ovaries, and testes.

What is the Sella Turcica?

An indentation in the sphenoid bone, for protection