T and B cells and their responses to responds

What is a CD8 positive cell?

a cell where the major costimulatory moelcule is CD8

Anergy

restig antigen presenting cells do not exress costimulatory molecules

What does IL2 do?

T ell proliferation and diferentation into effector cells

immunologic synapse

a specialized, highly dynamic structure formed between an immune cell, like a T cell, and another cell, like an antigen-presenting cell (APC), during an immune response; a focal point for cell-cell communication and signaling, facilitating the activation or suppression of immune responses

T helper 1 cells are __________

proinflammtory

Interferon gamma does what?

inhibits T helper 2 response and drives poinflammaory helper 1 response

T helper 2 cells are _______

antiinfammatory

What does IL13 do?

stimulate B cell growth and suppress macrophage function

What does IL 10 do?

suppress macrophagfe and inhibits T helpe 1 response and drves pro healing

What two enzymes do cytotoxic T cells release to aide in killing of pathogens?

Perforin and granzyme

Perforin

a focal point for cell-cell communication and signaling, facilitating the activation or suppression of immune responses

Granzyme

enters the cell through the perforin channels and enzymatically digests the cell

B cell receptor

a membrane-bound antibody on the surface of a B cell that recognizes specific antigens and initiates an immune response

How are memory B cells formed?

When an antigen binds to the BCR, it triggers intracellular signaling, leading to B cell activation, proliferation, differentiation

What is the first type of antibody secreed by B cells?

IgM

T-cell independent activation of B cells

a process where B cells are activated without the help of T helper cells. This occurs when B cell receptors (BCRs) are cross-linked by repetitive epitopes on antigens like polysaccharides or lipopolysaccharides. This strong cross-linking provides the initial signal for activation, and a second signal is provided by other factors like toll-like receptors (TLRs) or the complement system

True or False: In T cell independent B cell activation, there is no immunologica memory

RUE

T cell-dependent B cell activation

a process where B cells, upon encountering an antigen, require the help of helper T cells to fully activate and produce antibodies. Co-stimulatory interactions and cytokine signally occur

T cell independent/dependent can induce an isotype switch

dependent