APES Topics 2.1/2.2
Multiple Choice
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Flashcards about Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
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19 Terms
Biodiversity
The diversity of life in an area.
Genetic Diversity
The difference in genes of a population (same species).
Species Diversity
The number of different species in an ecosystem and the balance/evenness of the population sizes of all species in the ecosystem.
Habitat Diversity
The number of different habitats available in an area.
Species Richness
The total number of different species found in an ecosystem; High species richness indicates good ecosystem health.
Species Evenness
How all of the individual organisms in an ecosystem are balanced between species; More species evenness = More biodiversity = Good health.
Population Bottleneck
An environmental disturbance that drastically reduces population size and kills organisms regardless of their genome; Reduces genetic diversity.
Inbreeding
When organisms mate with closely related family members; More likely to have genetic mutations.
Generalist Species
A species that can live in different types of environments and have varied diets (e.g., raccoons, humans, dogs, cats).
Specialist Species
Species that require unique resources and have limited diets; They need a specific habitat (e.g., Giant Panda Bear).
Ecosystem Services
Benefits that come from natural resources or service functions that ecosystems carry out that have measurable economic/financial value to humans.
Provisioning Services
Goods taken directly from ecosystems or made from natural resources (e.g., wood, food, water). Disrupted by over harvesting, water pollution, land clearance.
Regulating Services
Benefits provided by ecosystems that moderate environmental conditions (e.g., climate, air quality). Disrupted by deforestation.
Cultural Services
Revenue/profits from recreational activities (e.g., fisherman pay for licenses, camping fees). Disrupted by deforestation, pollution, or urbanization.
Supporting Services
Natural ecosystems support our processes (e.g., bees pollinate crops, wetlands filter water). Disrupted by pollinator habitat loss and wetland filling.
Disruptions to Provisioning Services
Overharvesting, Water Pollution, and Land Clearance
Disruptions to Regulating Services
Deforestation
Disruptions to Cultural Services
Deforestation, Pollution, and Urbanization
Disruptions to Supporting Services
Pollinator Habitat Loss and Filling of Wetlands
