unit 8 gene transcription slides

Cellular diversity how many cell types in the human organism?

210

The human genome what is it

instruction manual

how many base pairs does the human genome have?

3.2 billion base pairs

How many genes does the human genome have?

30,000

The human genome, how many Autosomal more chromosome pairs

22

X and Y chromosomes and total

Female is x

Male is Y

Total of 46 chromosomes

The cell nucleus chromatin

DNA wrapped around proteins

Nucleus

Specialized DNA used in ribosome synthesis

Nuclear envelope

Lipid bilayer with pores

Nuclear organization

The nuclear envelope forms, a continuous structure with the rough endoplasmic reticulum and protein manufacturing areas

DNA bases

Guanine with cytosine

Adenine with thymine

DNA sugar

Deoxyribose

What makes up DNA?

Base ,sugar , and phosphate

A single strand of DNa

Phosphate and ribose link the bases in a sequence

The bonds can occur at either carbon three or five

Double stranded DNA

Hydrogen bonding allows two DNA strands to link the two strands point and opposite directions Antiparallel

RNA

Uracil is substituted for thymine

Three types of RNA

mRNA Mesenger RNA

TRNA transfer RNA

RRNA ribosome RNA

From DNA to protein

DNA template is read and RNA copy is made

RNA is trimmed

RNA is transported to protein reading and manufacturing machinery

Protein structure primary

The amino acid sequence determined by dna and genetic code

Secondary protein structure

Side chains interact to fold protein

Tertiary protein structure

The 3 dimensional folded protein from r groups

quaternary structure

Proteins interact to become functional

Arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains