lab 10 urinary physiology notes

renal cortex

renal medulla

renal pyramids

renal arteries

segmental arteries

interlobar arteries

function of cortical nephron

removal of waste products and reabsorption of nutrients

renal corpuscle

component of renal tubule

filtration membrane

juxtaglomerular apparatus and components

excretion = + filtration - reabsorption + secretion

+: adding to tube

-: removing from tube

excretion formula

urinalysis process

-collect urine sample

-use a dipstick in urine

-let it sit for a minute

-compare color changes with the different substances

1-2 L

normal volume of urine

goes from clear to dark color (dehydrated)

color of urine

asparagus can affect this

-varies, depends on what you eat and how old urine sits (ammonia), usually no odor

odor of urine

1.003(clear)-1.035 (dark urine)

specific gravity range of urine

4.5-8

pH of urine

Diabetes Mellitus

presence of glucose in urine

kidney trauma, kidney stones

presence of erythrocytes

UTI

presence of leukocytes

hypertension, excessive exertion, glomerular nephrITIS

presence of proteins

(HP cap+COP tiss)-(COP cap+HP tiss)

(35+5)-(0+26)

NFP equation for filtration

GFR = 125 ml/min

glomerular filtration rate a minute

180L/day

glomerular filtration rate a day

[(HP gc + COP bs)-(HP bs + COP gc)]

(60+0)-(18+32)

NFP of glomerulus

because the efferent arterioles are smaller and causes a backlog of fluid

-causes increase in fluid pressure in glomerulus

-a lot of cardiac output goes here

why is HP GC high than HP cap

everything else

what is filtered by the filtration membrane

-formed elements, WBC, RBC

-plasma proteins

what is not filtered by the filtration membrane

there is only tiny openings, the blood is too big to filter through

-plasma proteins have a negative charge, the membrane has negative charge

why can't it be filtered

Na+, proteins in the membrane

what is the driving force behind most reabsorption gradient

glucose, can range from 0-10

GFR x plasma glucose

recognize presence of transport proteins to reabsorb substances

has to be reabsorbed completely, 100=100, 200=200

-the maximum rate is 400mg/min which will occur at 4 mg/mL

-CANNOT REABSORB MORE THAN 400

know and apply Tmax for glucose reabsorption

interpret graphs illustrating glucose reabsorption

GFR x plasma glucose

GFR 100ml/min

-parallel differ by 400

PAH: 0-1

recognize presence of transport proteins to secrete substances

PAH: the max is 80mg/min at 0.2 mg/mL

-YOU NEVER SECRETE ABOVE 80

know and apply Tmax for PAH secretion

Interpret graphs illustrating PAH secretion

no proteins for the reabsorption of PAH

20+80= 100 excreted

-differs by 80

a specialized role in the kidney's ability to concentrate urine

function of Nephron Loops of Juxtamedullary nephrons

-water comes down the descending side

-salt is pumped out of the ascending side

-DCT concentration is less than body fluid (hypotonic)

-becomes more concentrated down in the loop, but more equilibrium to interstitial space

-fluid on outside becomes more concentrated the deeper you go

Describe concentration changes to tubular fluid as it passes through renal tubule

a dilute urine is produced because the collecting duct remains impermeable to water

describe concentration changes to tubular fluid in absence of ADH

causes us to produce less urine, less pee

Describe concentration changes to tubular fluid in presence of ADH

the juxtaglomerular apparatus has granular cells and macula dense cells that detect changes

-causes ADH to be released from posterior pituitary

-aquaporence (insert pores) water leaves and goes toward the gradient

-produces more concentrated urine (darker)

Understand stimuli resulting in release of ADH