Geology Test 1

What is a mineral?

A naturally occurring compound or chemical element made of atoms arranged in an orderly pattern.

What is Moh's Scale of Hardness?

A scale that measures the scratch hardness of other minerals on a scale from 1 (soft) to 10 (hard).

Moh's Scale

1. Talc

2. Gypsum

3. Calcite

4. Fluorite

5. Apatite

5.5 Glass Plate

6. Feldspar

7. Quartz

8. Topaz

9. Corundum

10. Diamond

Talc (Mica Group)

-hardness of 1 on Moh's scale

-in Mica Group

-1D cleavage: sheet silicate

-streak: white

-color: white

-formula: (NG3Si4O10)OH2

Gypsum (Sulfate Group) Have oxygen, metal, sulfer

-hardness of 2 on Moh's scale

-in Sulfate Group

-formula: CaSO4+2H20

-looks like calcite but shinier

Calcite (Carbonate Group)

-hardness of 3 on Moh's scale

-in Carbonate Group

-3D cleavage

- non-silicate

-formula:

Fluorite (Halide Group)

-hardness of 4 on Moh's scale

-in Halide Group

-4D cleavage

-will not scratch glass plate

- non-silicate

-green

Potassium Feldspar (K-Feldspar) (Feldspar Group) "Marbled meat"

-hardness of 6 on Moh's scale

-in Feldspar Group

-2D cleavage

-framework silicate

-color: can be pink or reddish but varies.

-luster: pearly

-formula:

Plagioclase Feldspar (Feldspar Group)

-hardness of 6 on Moh's scale

-in Feldspar Group

-2D cleavage

-aluminum silicates

-

Quartz (Quartz Group)

-hardness of 7 on Moh's scale

Sphalerite (Sulfite Group "Stinkers")

>5.5 glass plate

-in Sulfite group

-formula: ZnS (ore of zinc) when you add HCL, H2S gas is released.

-6D cleavage

-streak: copper

-color: black

-luster: shiny/sparkly black

Pyrite (Sulfite Group "Stinkers") "Fool's Gold"

-in Sulfite Group

-streak: black

-color: gold

-luster: shiny/sparkly

-no cleavage

-has chemical reaction w/HCl and produces H2S that smells stinky

Chalcopyrite (Sulfite Group "Stinkers") "Ugly Stepsister"

-1D cleavage

-in Sulfite Group

-streak: black

-color: gold

-luster: metallic

-has chemical reacton w/HCl and produces H2S

Galena (Sulfite Group) Has oxygen and sulfer.

-in Sulfite group

-formula: PbS (ore of lead) when HCL is added, H2S gas is released.

-3D cleavage

-streak: silvery black

-color: silver

-luster: metallic

Augite (Pyroxene Group)

Cleavage is the same as ____________

plains of atomic weakness.