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Mass Number
Protons + Neutrons
Atomic Number
Number of Protons
Charge
Protons - electrons
(If no charge, then electrons = protons)
Protons and protons do what
Repel
Electrons and electrons do what
Repel
Protons and electrons do what
Attract
Number of electrons in the first shell
2 electrons
Number of electrons in the second shell
8 electrons
Number of electrons in the third shell
18 electrons
To have full shells, atoms do what?
Atoms gain and lose electrons
Cations are…
Positive ions (more protons than electrons)
Anions are…
Negative ions (more electrons than protons)
Metal ion naming convention
Element name
Non-metals ion naming convention
Add ‘ide’
Isotopes are what?
Atoms with more or less neutrons
Exothermic
Releases heat
Endothermic
Absorbs heat
What is radiation?
When atoms become unstable and begin to fall apart
Alpha Radiation
When the nucleus is too large
Loses 2 protons and 2 neutrons
Element changes due to loss of protons, becomes new element + alpha particle
Beta radiation
When there are too many neutron
Gains proton, loses a neutron
Beta particle is an electron with high energy
Gamma radiation
Too much energy leads to emission of electromagnetic radiation
Element stays the same, just adds energy
Note 
Flashcard (91)