211 lec 8 sensory contribution II (proprioception and vision)

M2 is ___ latency, aka ___ reflex

it is sensitive to ___

long latency

polysynaptic reflex

Goal/ intent of the person

M1 is ___ reflex, aka ___ or ___ latency

Monosynaptic reflex

autogenic or short latenchy

describe monosynaptic stretch reflex

1a afferent sends info to motor neuron in spinal cord, which then sends an efferent signal to the muscle

describe M2 (Polysynaptic reflex)

afferent» motor neuron in spinal cord and interneuron (receive descending signal from higher level) » efferent output to muscle fiber

muscle spindles are spindle-shaped receptors oriented in ___ with muscle fibers

parallel

muscle spindles are sensitive to changes in ___ and ____ of muscle fiber

length

rate of change in length

the sensory/afferent neurons in muscle spindle send info to ___ and can excite efferent neurons (aka ___) back to ___

spinal cord

aka Motor Neurons

muscle fiber

M3 is ___

voluntary response

compare loop time of M123

shortest to longest (30-50 vs 50-70 vs more than 120)

compare structures involved in M123

M1= same muscle + muscle spindle

M2= same muscle + muscle spindle + cortex or cerebellum (higher level)

M3= various muscle + various receptor + higher center

which one is modified by instructions from higher center (M123?)

M23

GTO=

golgi tendon organ

GTO is located in the ___ btw ___&__. It detects changes in ___

junction btw muscle & tendons

muscle tension (force)

When theres too much force/tension in muscle, GTO ___

This is considered a ___ close/open loop control

turn in off (inhibit it)

proprioceptive reflexive closed-loop control

GTO and ___ both input to ___ and output back to ___

M1 muscle spindle

spinal cord

muscle

2 types of muscle proprioceptor:

GTO

Muscle spindle

3 type of non muscle proprioceptors:

joint

vestibular

cutaneous

where is vestibular apparatus?

It sends info about ___ and ___

movement of the head

sense of balance

angular acceleration in 3 directions are detected by the ___ movement in ___ of the vestibular apparatus

hair

otolith organs

linear acceleration is detected by the___ movement in ___organs of the vestibular apparatus

hair

otolith organ

cutaneous receptors signals info about _____ (4)

touch

pressure

temperature

pain

joint receptors are embedded within ___

it responds to the ____ and ____

joint capsules

limits of joint range

pressure

what does this graph illustrate

when applying pressure or approaching limits of hyperextension/flexion, joint receptor sends stronger signals

proprioceptors allow us to make ___, ___ responses to unexpected stimuli such as a sudden stretch/ force

fast and reflexive

describe the closed-loop control model for vestibular proprioceptor

(from muscle) vestibular apparatus » proprioceptive feedback » comparator »error to SI

Vision has 2 control component: ___ and ___

dorsal and ventral

visual’s conscious control aspect include ___ stages of info processing

SI, RS, RP

how is the non-conscious/reflexive visual component involved in info processing

(from movement) dorsal vision give exteroceptive feedback back to motor program

whats our preferred source of sensory info

vision

2 visual streams for info procession:

dorsal (non-conscious)

ventral (conscious)

what cortex is linked to dorsal and ventral visual stream

dorsal- parietal cortex (top)

ventral- inferotemporal cortex (bottom)

dorsal stream is linked to vision for ___ (___?).

We use this stream when we ___ with object and ____actions

action (where?)

interact

guiding

ventral stream is vision for ___ (___?)

we use this stream to ___ object and ___

perception (what?)

identify & planning

2 ways we found out that there’s 2 visual stream

1. dissociation in patients with brain injury

2. dissociations in seeing and doing in visual illusion research

____ is when you have dorsal stream problem. 

meaning that your ___ is fine, but you become disconnected from ___

optic ataxia

vision

guided actions

whats wrong? the patient can see the pencil but continuously miss it

but is lights were off, they could perform accurately

optic ataxia

describe ventral stream function

conscious identification of objects (primarily in center of field-of-vision)

__ is a ventral stream problem. 

meaning you can see sth but you can’t make sense of it

visual-form agnosia

what’s wrong? a patient could identify a pictured object only when he starts moving high hands as though he was using it

visual-form agnosia

what is the ebbinghaus illusion

perceptually different looking things that are actually physically identical

illusion give evidence for 2 visual streams: perception is tricked but grasp (vision for action?) is not

IOW, ___ stream is tricked but ___ stream is not

ventral

dorsal

which visual stream is conscious but slower

ventral

which visual stream is non-conscious but fast

dorsal stream

optical flow experiments like the ___and ___ reveals that ____ stream is dominant as shown in the ___ behaviours and ___ control

biking

moving walls

dorsal stream

avoidance behaviour

balance/navigation control

patterns of light=

optical flow

dorsal vision provides info about ___ aka rate of ___ of objects on retina

time to contact (tau)

expension

in the swinging room, the floor is ___ and the walls have objects on them. The movement of walls creates ____ patterns

fixed

optical flow

when the wall swings back, ____ cause the person to ___ despite conflict with other senses

optical flow

fall backward

influence of optical flow (the correction) is very ___

fast

examples that suggest vision dominate other sources of perception

swinging room, McGurk effect, puppets

dsecribe the McGurk effect

you clearly hear ba ba ba

but the lip movement you see fool you to think you heard fafafa instead

compare and contract dorsal  vs ventral (table)

consciousness? flexibility? speed?

selective attention?

involved in what stage of motor behaviour?

both:

• closed loop

	dorsal	ventral
	unconscious/ reflexive fast/ inflexible	conscious slow/ flexible
selective attention	no need (peripheral) adjust motor program	required (foveate) in info process stages