BJU World Studies Chapter 9

Robert Boyle

Christian chemist who Wrote the Sceptical Chymist

Spinoza

doubted anything in Scripture that he thought was contrary to reason. Thought scripture was only good as historical artifact

English Bill of Rights

Document that limited the king's power; signed by William and Mary so they could take the throne.

Glorious Revolution

Change of power with no violence or war

Louis XIV

Monarch who ruled with absolute, unlimited power that became a model for the rest of Europe.

James II

strong supporter of the Roman Church but was dismissed from the throne of his country

Eratosthenes

Early Greek astronomer and geographer who determined the distance around the earth

Hippocrates

Father of Medicine, Greek physician who lived around 400BC

Paracelsus

believed that the body is mostly chemicals and should be treated with chemicals

Edward Jenner

Englishman who discovered the use of a vaccine to eliminate smallpox.

Antoine Lavoisier

father of modern chemistry, law of conservation of matter

Rene Descartes

Rationalist who did not trust any path to truth except human reason

Charles II

the next ruler of England after Oliver Cromwell's death

Empiricism

"experience is the source of knowledge"

Edmond Halley

English astronomer who predicted the orbits of comets

Andreas Vesalious

Studied human anatomy by dissecting human bodies

Sir William Herschel

Discovered Uranus and made a forty-foot-long telescope

Galileo Galilei

Used a telescope to confirm the earth's orbit around the sun

Copernicus

Theorized that the earth revolves around the sun

William Harvey

Studied the body's circulatory system

Sir Isaac Newton

Studied calculus and laws of gravity and motion

Secularism

demands that religion be excluded

Cabinet

Form of English government that gradually increased Parliament's power

Dutch

developed a large economic empire without a centralized monarchy

Spanish

took lead in exploring and expanding their empire

John Locke

believe that observation, not human reason, is the source of truth

Maria Theresa

Absolute ruler of Austria

Catherine the Great

She reigned Russia and increased the power of the Russian Monarchy. She is an absolute monarch

Charles I

He continued policies of his father James I and argued with Parliament over divine right of kings.

Oliver Cromwell

He defeated Charles I's army during the English civil war, put Charles in custody, and ruled as Lord Protector

William and Mary

Accepted England's invitation to take the throne. Signed the English bill of rights into existence

Euclid

Father of Geometry

Albert the Great

Dominican friar who played an important role in introducing Muslim documents to medieval universities

Roger Bacon

made significant contributions in the areas of physics, geography, and optics

English Civil War

War in which the English Parliament (roundheads) and Oliver Cromwell defeated the king's Royalists (cavaliers) and had Charles I executed